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TWELFTH
Anntaal CataloofLie
)F THE-
State Norhal School,
in 2010 with funding from
Lyrasis IVIembers and Sloan Foundation
Corfiposed of Clarion, Forest, Jefferson, McKean and
Warren Counties.
CLARION, PA.
For the Year i897==i898,
And Prospectus for i898==i899>
CLARION, PA.,
Democrat Steam Print,
1898.
http://www.archive.org/details/twelfthannualcat1898clar
Statf Normal School,
1898." i«99-
CALENDAR.
Final Examiaatiou of Classes Wednesday. Jnne 22d 9 a. m.
Commencement Exercises.
June 26, Sunday, 11 A. M., Baccalaureate Sermon, Chancellor
W. J. Holland, Western University of Pennsylvania,
Jun- 26, Sunday, 8 p. m.. Annual Sermon to Christian Asso-
ciations, Rev. J. N. Fradenburgh, D. D. LL. D.
June 27, Mcjnday, 2 p. m., Junior Class Day Exercises.
June 27, Monday, 8 p. m.. Annual Musicale.
June 28, Tuesday, 9 a. m., Field Day, at Fairgrounds.
June 28, Tuesday, 2 p.m.. Senior Class Day Exercises.
June 28, Tuesday, 4 p. m., Aiumnal Reunion.
June 28, Tuesday, 8 p. m., Aiumnal Banquet.
June 29, Wednesday, 10 a. m., Graduating Exercises.
June 29, Wednesday, 2 p. m , Graduating Exercises.
June 29, Wednesday, 4 p. m., Conferring Degrees.
Fall Term.— Fourteen Weeks.
September 14, Wednesday— Fall Term Begins,
December 22, Thursday— Fall Term Closes.
Winter Term.— Twelve Weeks.
January 3, Tuesday — Winter Term Begins.
March 23, Thursday — Winter Term Closes.
Spring Term.— Fourteen Weeks.
March 28, Tuesday -Spring Term Opens.
June 29, Wednesday— Spring Term Closes.
Clarion, Pa.
THE FACULTY.
1697*1808.
AARON JASPER DAVIS, M. S., A. M.,
Principal.
JOHN BALLENTINE, A. M., Ph. D.,
Greek, Latin and Civil (Government
CLINTON MACE THOMAS, A. M., Ph D.,
Natural Sciences and Eaglish Grammar.
ROSSWELL GARDNER YINGLING, M. S.,
Business Manager and Book-keeping.
CHARLES EDWARD RUGH, M. E.,
Psychology and Pedagogy.
REGINALD HEBER HOLBROOK, A. M., Ph. D.
Pedagogy, General History and Mathematics.
LOWRY THOMPSON BAKER, M. E.,
Superintendent Model School.
ALICE ELIZABETH ALLEN, M. E.,
Rhetoric, Literature and Grammar.
MARY LORENA GIVAN, M. E.,
Drawing, History and Geography.
HARRY EMANUEL RUGH,
Physiology and Mathematics.
State Normal Schooi.,
FACULTY— Continued.
CAROLINE ISABEL WILHELM,
Organ Piano and Voice.
FRANCIS MARION LEWIS,
Violia.
DOROTHY ELLEN JACKSON,
Reading and Elocution.
HARRY ERNEST SAYERS,
Book-keeping and Stenography.
JAMES PINKS,
Registrar.
LAWRENCE W. MURPHY,
Laboratory Assistant.
SOLOMON FISHER HOGUE, A. M., Ph. D,
Common Kranches.
LYDIA EVANS HOGUE, M E., A M ,
Common Branches.
NELLIP: WETTER,
Librarian,
MRS. DR. C. C. ROSS,
MARY STUART MONTGOMERY,
Fine Arta.
MRS. G. L. MIDDAUGH,
Matron.
Clarion, Pa.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
Officers of the Board.
A. G. CORBETT, President.
W. I. REED, Secretary. F. M. ARNOLD, Treasurer.
Trustees Representing the Stockholders.
1896 — 1S99.
B. J. Reid.
J. M. Fitzgerald, M. D.
James Pinks.
J. T. Rimer, M. D.
W. Day Wilson.
C. M. Thomas. .
1897 — 1900.
1898 - 1 901.
J. B. Patrick.
I Ed. C. Faloon.
F. R. Hindman.
W. A. Hindman.
A. G. CORBETT.
R. G. YiNGLING.
Trustees Representing the State.
1896 — 1899.
1897 — 1900.
W. W. Barr.
J. W. Greenland.,
1S98 — I 901.
Hon. Geo. A. Jenks, Brookville, Pa. Hon. \Vm. M. Lindsey, Warren, Pa.
A. W. Corbett.
W. I. Reed.
State Normal School,
Standing Committees.
Instruction— Will. :M. Lindsey, B. J. Reid, \V. W. Barr, J. T. Rimer, C.
M. Thomas.
Finance -Geo. A. Jenks, W. A. Hiiulman, James Pinks, J. W. Greenland,
A W. Corbett.
HofSEHOLD — \V. Day Wilson, J. M. Fitzgerald, R. G. Yingling, F. R.
Hindman, Ed. C. F'aloon.
Building & Grounds — J. M. Fitzgerald, J. T. Rimer, R. G. Yingling, W.
I. Reed, Ed. C. Faloon.
Printing & Advertising — James Pinks, W. A. Hindman, W. Day Wilson.
Library— A. J. Davis, F. R. Hindman, J. B. Patrick, C. M. Thomas, A. W.
Corbett.
Sanitary- Dr. J. T. Rimer, Dr. J. M. Fitzgerald, J. W. Greenland.
STATE BOARD OF EXAMINERS.
N. C. SCHAEFFER,
Superintendent Public Instruction.
A. E. MALTBY,
Principal Slippery Rock:
D. s. kf:ith.
Superintendent, Altoona.
H. V. Hotchkiss,
Superintendent, Mcadville.
I.. R. IvCKI.IvS,
Suijcrintundent, Mercer county.
JOHN C. KIvNDAMv,
S u peri n tendon I, Homestead.
S. L CIIlvIvSIvMAN,
Superintendent, Miitler county.
HENRY I'lCASI-:,
Superintendent, Tit iisville.
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, CLARION, PA.
HISTORICAL SUV.HARY.
Pennsylvania has been districted, bylaw, into thirteen Nor-
mal School Districts, in each of which a Normal School is es-
tablished.
The thirteenth district comprises the following counties:
Jefferson, Clarion, Forest, Warren, and McKean. The Clarion
Normal was established in 1887, at Clarion, the county-seat of
Clarion county. Dr. A. J. Davis has been its sole Principal.
This year marks the beginning of the second decade of its
history. Over four thousand students have sought instruction
within its walls during this time, while 523 have been graduated
in its several courses prior to this year. Nearly all the gradu-
ates, and a large majority of the undergraduates, became teac4i-
ers in our commonwealth. Many of these graduates either have
taken or are taking a College or higher Normal Course. The
teachers in all the Normal Schools strive to stimulate 5'oung
people to go on with their education after completing the Nor-
mal Course.
The State Normal Schools are thus important feeders to
the Colleges, Universities and professional institutions of this
and other states. Many heads of these higher institutions have
frequently expressed their high appreciation of the excellent
training manifested by Normal graduates who enter their in-
stitutions.
State Normal School,
The effect upon the Commonwealth of an annual addition
of looo graduates of the State Normal Schools to the teaching
force in its Public Schools can only be conjectured.
PURPOSE OF NORMAL SCHOOLS.
The statutes specifically provide that the State Normal
Schools shall be "for the professional training of young men and
women as teachers for the common schools of the State."
Their character is therefore distinctively different from the vari-
ous academic institutions of the State. They are not Grammar
Schools, nor High Schools, nor Academies nor Colleges. They
are professional schools.
While in the present state of educational jirogress they
must do more or less academic work, this is different from the
work ot other academic institutions, in that it is distinguished
throughout by a professional character in discipline and in-
struction, in matter and manner, in process and spirit. The
aim of the academic schools is scholarship, while that of the
Normal Schools is teaching power. In this institution, this aim
is constantly and consciously regarded in determining the char-
acter of the instruction offered and in the selection of teachers.
All of the teachers are not only constant students of the theory
and practice of teaching, but they have all had experience in
Public Schools, elementary and secondary. It is for these
schools that this institution exists. Into these schools the
young men and women trained at Clarion have gone. Their
success has more than vindicated the wisdom of those who es-
tablished and are maintaining State Normal Schools.
THE RELATION OF NORMAL SCHOOLS AND PUBLIC
SCHOOLS TO ACADEMIC WOi^K.
While the Normal School is held especially responsible for
the professional training of its students, it cannot, so long as
educational conditions remain as they now arc, refuse to pro-
vide academic instruction.
Clarion, Pa. 9
Pupils from country schools and from the graded schools
of villages, towns, and even from cities, choose to review and
complete preparatory studies in a Normal School, where the
instruction given is necessarily more mature, advanced and, at
the same time, dominated by professional aims. To meet this
demand the Normal School is compelled to provide thorough
academic work in all the common school branches from primary
to High School.
But in providing this instruction, there is no desire on the
part of the Normal School to trespass upon the work of the
Public Schools. On the other hand, when more High Schools
become established and the country schools are better equipped
with teachers and materials, it is hoped that a large majority of
those who enter Normal Schools will have completed their
academic work.
To hasten this condition, the Normal School desires to give
full recognition to the work of high schools and as soon as pos-
sible to make it unnecessary for graduates of high schools to
repeat in this Normal School any academic work already satis-
factorily completed.
To this end there have been adopted by this institution the
following
SPECIAL PR0V!SI0N5 FOR GRADUATES OF HIGH
SCHOOLS.
Graduates of high schools which maintain a course of not
less than three years, who present creditable standing in
branches of the senior year of THIS INS'ITTUTION AND PASS THE
EXAMINATION OF THE JUNIOR YEAR, ARE PERMITTED TO SUBSTITUTE
FOR THE ACADEMIC WORK IN THESE BRANCHES SUCH PROFESSIONAL
WORK AS SHALL BE PRESCRIBED BY THE FACULTY.
By this arrangement, this institution not only strives to
keep in appreciative touch with the High Schools, but desires
to accept and avail itself of their excellent work by utilizing it
and making it the basis of that additional professional training
lo State Normal School,
which the Normal School must supph- in couiiection with the
common school branches.
Pupils thus admitted to the Senior year are required by
law to pass the Junior examination.
This arrangement should enable graduates of High
Schools to complete the elementary course (three to four years)
iu one year, or, at most, in two years. It should also prove a
healthy stimulus to the High Schools, since it gives the teach-
ers of those schools the credit due them for the success of such
Ilioh School graduates, in these academic branches, before the
State Board of Examiners.
This arrangement should also remove the grounds upon
which many City Superintendents have thought it necessary to
organize a Normal Course in connection with their High School
Course; and so diminish the tendency of either the Normal
School or High School to usurp th^work of the other.
RELATIONS TO HIGHER INSTITUTIONS.
Graduates of this Normal School are admitted to many
Colleges and Universities of the state with credit for such of
our work as is covered by courses afforded in those institutions.
It is thus possible for the capable graduate of this Normal
School to complete the A. B. Course of some institutions in
two years; and certain other courses in less time.
Graduates of Colleges in the State are also admitted to the
Normal School and given full credit for their academic standing.
They enter at once into a professional course. There is a grow-
ing tendency among college students and graduates to take
courses at the Normal School, not for the professional work
alone, but especially for the practice-teaching. This tendency
increases as the public demand for professionally trained teach-
ers increases.
RELATION TO INSTITUTES, EDUCATIONAL MEETINGS, &c
A legitimate and very profitaljle work of the school is the
lectures, lessons and addresses given by tin; Frincijial and mem-
Clarion, Pa. ii
bers of the faculty iu various parts of the state, on the public
platform, in institutes and before schools. No small part of
the value of these visits has been in the more intimate and de-
tailed acquaintance of the visiting members of the faculty with
the work now being done in the schools and its recent progress;
the conditions under which it is done; the qualifications and
spirit of the public school teachers, and the local sentiment
touching schools.
Pennsylvania has a noble band of teachers, earnest, faithful
and growing. They command respect and are entitled to S3'mpa-
thetic confidence and counsel. They greatly need and them-
selves desire opportunity for improvement. The Normal
Schools are to be benefited by whatever clcser relations
may be established with them.
The faculty of this school have shown themselves ready in
many way§ and at various times to inform themselves of the
condition of the schools and teachers in the State and to ad-
just the work of this institution to actual requirements. It is
hoped to bring about yet closer relations between the County
Superintendents, Directors, Boards of Education and City
Superintendents of the District.
COURSES OF STUDY,
As Revised by the State Board of Principals, Nov. 4, I898.
Four Courses of Instruction are provided as follows:
1. ELEMENTARY NORMAL COURSE.
2. REGULAR NORMAL COURSE.
3. SCIENTIFIC NORMAL COURSE.
4. ADVANCED NORMAL COURSE.
State Nt)R.MAL School,
Elementary Normal Course.
(Requiring two years, more or less, according to the preparation of the
student. J
Junior Year.
Pedagogics, School Management; Methods of Teaching the Common
Branches.
L.^XGUAGE: — Orthography; Reading; Knglish Grammar; Latin, suffi-
cient to begin the reading of Caesar.
Mathematics: — Arithmetic; Elementary Algebra.
Historical Science: — American History; Civil Government.
Natural Science: — Geography, Political and Physical; Physiology
and Hj'giene; Botany.
The Arts: — Penmanship, sufficient to be able to explain some approved
system; wTiting to be submitted to the Board of I^xaminers. "Drawing, a
daily exercise for at least 24 weeks; work to be submitted to the Board of Ex-
aminers. Bookkeeping, single entry, including a knowledge of common
business papers and a daily exercise for at least seven weeks; Vocal Music,
elementary principles and an attendance upon daily exercises for at least
twelve weeks.
Physical Culture.
Admission to the Junior Class is determined by an imlividiud examina-
tion by the Principal when the students enter school.
Junior Examinations are held by the State Board at the close of the
school year, the latter part of Junr.
Admission to the Junior Examination is determined by the standing
of the students during the year and by Preliminary Ivxaminations, held at
the close of the year, immediately jjreceeding the State Ivxamination.
Graduates of High vSchools, which maintain a course of studies of not
less than three years, who present creditable standing in the branches of
the Junior Year, will be admitted to the Preliminary Examination without
resident study; but it will be well for such persons to review the common
Ijranches during at least one term preceding these exaTiiinations.
Senior Year.
Pi:ija<;ogics: — Psychology; Methods of teaching the Common Branches;
History of Education; Model School work, at least twenty weeks of teach-
Clarion, Pa. 13
ing daily during one period of not less than forty-five minutes; a Thesis on
a professional subject.
Language: — Rhetoric and Composition; English Literature, at least
twelve weeks work, including the thorough study of four English Classics;
Latin, Caesar, through the Helvetian War.
Mathematics: — Plane Geometry.
Natural Science: — Elementary Natural Philosophy.
Historical Science — General History.
The Arts: — Elocutionary exercises in connection with study of English
Literature; Manual Training.
Physical Culture.
Admission to the Senior Class is determined by the State Board of Ex-
aminers at the annual Junior Examination. Students must be examined in
all the Junior Branches at one examination.
Practical Teachers who have not attended a Normal School as students
and have taught 3 successive years, may obtain a Teacher's State Certificate
by passing an examination in all the branches in the Elementary Course by
the Faculty and the State Board of Examiners at their annual Examination.
Regfular Normal Course.
Three Years.
( One year in addition to Elementary Course. )
(This Course includes the studies of the Elementary Course, and the
following branches. A full equivalent will be accepted for any of the text .
books named in this Course:)
Pedagogics — Advanced Psychology; Moral Science; Philosophy of
Education; Methods of Teaching; Practice Teaching; Pedagogical Works;
Froebel, Education of Man; Quick, Educational Reformers; Fitch, Lec-
tures on Teaching; School Supervision, School Apparatus; Discussion of
Manual Training, Physical Culture, etc.
Mathematics — Solid Geometry; Plane and Analytical Trigonometry;
Surveying.
Language — Latin; Caesar, 3 books; Virgil's >^neid, 3 books; Cicero, 3
orations.
Natural Science — Chemistry, including Chemistrj- of Soils; Zoology,
including Entomolog}', and Geology.
Literature— Higher Literature, English and American, including a
study of at least four classics.
i4 State Normal School
Scientific Normal Course.
Four Years,
t One year in addition to the Regular Normal Course. )
This Course includes the studies of the Regular Normal Course and the
following branches:
Pedagogics — Logic; Course of Professional Reading selected from Reg-
ular or advanced Normal Course; a Thesis on a professional subject.
Language — Latin; three books of Virgil's .-Eneid, three orations of
Cicero, or a full equivalent (an equivalent of Greek, German or French will
be accepted for any of the following studies: Virgil, Cicero, Higher Algebra,
Spherical Trigonometry, Surveying, Analytical Geometry, Calculus, Mathe-
matical Natural Philosophy and INIathematical Astronomy, and an equiva-
lent of Latin and advanced work in Natural Science for any of the forgoing
mathematical studies. )
Mathematics — Higher Algebra, Spherical Trigonoilietry and Survey-
ing, with use of instruments; Analytical Geometry; DilTereutial and Inte-
gral Calculus.
NaTUR.ai. Science — Higher Natural Pliilosphy; .Astronomy, Descriptive
and Mathematical.
Historical Science English History; Grecian History; Roman His-
tory.
Advanced Normal Course.
(One year in addition to the Scientific Normal Course.)
This Course includes the studies of the Scientific Course, and one year'.*;
additional work in Pe.dagogics, as follows: A full i(|uivak-iit will be accepted
for any of the text-books in the Course.
Psychology — James, Advance Course.
Laurie's Institutes of Education; Rein's Outline of Pedagogy; Her-
bert's Science of Education; vSpencer's Education; Rosmini's Method in
Ivlucation; Davidson's Education of the Greek People.
Discussions of Metho Is and objects of leading Ivlucators; I'roebcl,
Pestalozzi, Dr. Arnold, Horace Mann and others.
Discussion of eilucatioual theories.
Education in the United States; ICducation in Pennsylvania (Wicker-
sham); General -Survey of History of Public ICducation in Germany, I'rance
and Ivngland.
Advanced Work in l/uiguage, Mathematics, Natural vScience, etc., may
]i': taken at the option of the students.
Clarion, Pa. 15
EXAMINATIONS.
The Annual Examinations are held by the Faculty and
State Board of Examiners at this institution at the close of the
School Year, in June, lasting three days. They are almost
wholly in writing.
Preliminary Examinations are held immediately preced-
ing the State Examination by the faculty for those seeking ad-
mission to the Junior Examinations.
Junior Examinations are held annually by the State Board
of Examiners for those seeking admission to the Senior Class.
Senior Examinations are held annually by the State Board
of Examiners for those seeking to graduate in the Elementary
Course.
Higher Examinations are held annually by the State
Board of Examiners for those seeking to graduate in the Regu-
lar Normal Course, Scientific Normal Course, and Advanced
Normal Course; for those seeking State Certificates, and for
those desiring additional branches placed upon their certificates.
RULES FOR EXAMINATIONS.
Prescribed by the State Board of Examiners.
1. Admission to the Senior Class will be determined by
the State Board of Examiners at the annual examination by the
Board.
2. In order to be admitted to the Senior Class, persons
must be examined in all the Junior studies, except Methods
and Class Management, and the examinations in these branches
shall be final, no substitutions or conditions shall be allowed
for any of the branches required for admission to the Senior
Class.
i6 SrAit: Normal School,
3. If the faculty of any State Normal School or the State
Board of Examiners, decide that a person is not prepared to
pass an examination liy the State Board, he shall not be ad-
mitted to the same examination at any other State Normal
School during the same school year.
4. If a person who has completed the Junior studies at
any State Normal School desire to enter another State Normal
School, the Principal of the school at which the examination
was heL; shall send the proper certificate to the Principal of the
school which the person desires to attend. Except for the
reason here stated, no certificate setting forth the fact of the
passing of the Junior studies shall be issued.
5. Candidates for graduation shall be examined in all the
branches of the Senior /ear. They shall have the opportunity
of being examined in any of the higher branches, including
vocal and instrumental music and double entry bookkeeping;
and all studies completed by them shall be named in their cer-
tificates.
6. Persons who have been graduatetl in any course may
be examined at any State examination in any branches of a
higher course, and the Secretary of the Board of Examiners
shall certify, on the back of their diploma, to the passing of the
branches completed at said examination.
7. A certificate setting forth the proficiency of all the ap-
plicants in all the studies in which they desire to be examined by
the State Board of Examiners shall be prepared and signed by
the faculty and presented to the Board.
8 The Board of Examiners is appointed by the State
Superintendent of Public Instruction and is composed as fol-
lows: The State Superintendent or Deputy Superintendent,
who is president of the board; the Principal of another Normal
school; six County, City or Borough Superintendents, and the
Principal of this Normal School. Each student must receive
eight votes out of the nine in order to pass the examination.
Students must be examined and recommended by the faculty
bfffore taking the State Board Examination.
Clarion, Pa. -17
STUDY SCHEDULES.
Setting forth the order and time of the various studies in
the different Normal Coicrses.
Classes will be maintained throughout the year as shown
in these schedules.
Each class recites one period of forty-five minutes daily
■unless otherwise prescribed.
Each class will require about two periods of study to one
■of recitation. Students arranging their work will do well to
regard this, otherwise they will appear at a disadvantage in
their recitations.
Elementary Course*
Junior Year.
A fair knowledge of the subjects enumerated under the
""Preparatory Studies" will be necessary before taking those of
the "Junior Studies," in order to secure recommendation to the
Junior examinations.
To those who find it necessary to pursue the "Preparatory
Studies," the work of the Junior year will require at least two
years, and, not infrequently, more, as experience has repeated-
ly shown that failure at the Junior Examination is due to weak-
ness in these studies. The faculty urgently caution students
against haste in these subjects.
Preparatory Studies — One Yeaf .
Fall Term — 14 weeks -
' Methods of Teaching.
Orthography.
U. S. History.
Arithmetic.
[ Reading.
1' Methods of Teaching.
I Geography.
Winter Term— 12 weeks-; U. S. History.
I Physiology.
1 Penmansliip.
iS State Normal Schooi.,
I Methods of Teaching
I Physical Geography.
Spring Term — 14 weeks-] Grammar.
I Algebra.
[ Givil Government.
Junior Studies — One Year.
I Special Methods — Four Recitations a week.
^ ' English Grammar.
Fall Term-14 weeks ,' Arithmetic.
Algebra.
Book-keeping — One recitation a week.
I Methods of Teaching — Four recitations a week.
^ I English Grammar.
,,-■ . T- 1 Arithmetic.
Winter Tenn — 12 weeks .^i ,
I Algebra.
I Drawing — Five recitations a week.
(^Book-keeping — One recitation a week.
f School Management.
I Latin.
S]jring Term — 14 weeks ■; Botany.
I Drawing — Five recitations a week.
1_ Vocal Music.
Lessons and exercises in Physical Culture will be given
iiring the Fall and Winter Terms.
Senior Year.
f Psychology.
I Rhetoric.
I-'all Term — 14 weeks t Ctesar.
I Physics.
[ Practice in Model vSchool.
("Psychology and Methods of Teaching.
I General History.
Winter Term — 12 weeks I Geometry.
I Physics.
I Practice in Model .Scliool.
I History of Ivlucation.
Spring Tenn-r4 weeks ^ Uterature.
' i (-»eometry.
( (_»eometry.
I Practice ni Me^dc-l School.
Clarion, Pa. 19
Physical lessons and Elocution exercises will be given dur-
ing the Fall and Winter Terms. The exercises in Manual
Training in connection with Physics and Mathematics will be
conducted through the year.
Preliminary examinations are held by the faculty during
the year in the branches of the Elementary Course. As a rule,
however, the standings obtained in class work by the students
will be submitted to the State Board of Examiners as recom-
mendation to the Junior and Senior examinations.
Regfular Normal Course — Three Years,
(One year in addition to the Elementary Course. )
f Psychology.
I Solid Geometry.
Fall Term — 14 weeks -J Caesar.
I Zoology.
[_ Literature.
f Moral Science.
I Professional Reading and Discussions.
\Vinter Term — 12 weeks -j Plane Trigonometry.
I Cicero.
(^Chemistry.
f Philosophy.
I Professional Reading and Discussions.
Spring Term — 14 weeks •; Surveying.
I Virgil.
L Geology.
Practice teaching and Discussions of Manual Training,
Physical Culture, etc., will constitute a part of this year's work.
It is contemplated by the Board of Principals not to grad-
uate pupils until the close of the Regular Normal Course.
Such a change will constitute this year the Senior year of the
Normal Course and abolish the Elementary Course.
Permanent Certificates.
Bachelor of Elements — A graduate in the Elementary
Course receives a certificate in which are named the branches
studied, and by which he is constituted a Bachelor oi Ele-
ments. (B. E.)
State Normal School,
Bachelor o-f Science. — A graduate in the Scientific Coiirse:
receives a certificate enumerating the distinctive branches of the-
course. The holder of this certificate is constituted a Bachelor
of Science. (B. S. ),
ST.A.TE Certikicatk. — Practical Teachers who have not at-
tended a Normal School as a student and have taught three
successive years, m-ay obtain a Teacher's State Certificate by-
passing an examination, in all the branches in the Elementary
Course, by the Faculty and the State Board of Examiners at
their annual examinations.
Diplomas,
Regnlar graduates who have continued their stndies for
Cwo 3'ears, and who have practiced their profession for two-
annual terms in the Public Schools of the State, and who have
presented to the Faculty and Board of Examiners a certificate
of good moral character and skill in the art of teaching from the
Board or Boards of Directors in whose employ they have
taught, countersigned by the proper Superintendents may re-
ceive diplomas constituting them Master in the several studies
embraced in the Course in which they graduated, as follows:
Master (jf Elements. — Graduates of the Elementary Course
under the conditions prescribed above, secure the degree.
Master <>f Elements ( M . E. )
Masiek (m-- Science. — Graduates of the Scientific Course
meeting the conditions prescribed above secure the degree,
Muster of Science ( M. S. )
These (lij)lomas are permanent certificates of the highest
grade. They confer upon the holders the right to teach the
branches named therein in the I'ui)lic Schools in Pennsylvania
without further examination. Applications for diplomas must
be presented to the State Board of Examiners at the regular
annual Session,
Clarion, Pa. 21
SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE INSTRUCTIONS
IN VARIOUS SUBJECTS.
GENERAL REMARKS.
The subjects taught in a Normal School are academic and
professional. The instruction in the academic branches is,
however, given in a thoroughly professional spirir and with spe-
cial reference to the teaching of these subjects. Not only is the
subject-matter of each branch mastered but the method of
teaching that branch is constantly kept in view. In tact, every
■class in this institution is a teachers' class. While teaching
any subject, special artifices and methods are noted, the
psychology involved commented upon, logical and historical
character of the branches developed. These are the character-
istic features of a Normal School and strongly mark every class
in the institution. That this adds to the thoroughness and
maturity of all the academic work will be evident. While in
all academic work thorough scholarship is the aim, this aim is
strengthened, intensified and clarified by keeping the profes-
sional end of teacliing-power constantly in view.
Natural Science.
The aim in this department is not only to give a knowledge
of facts in the different brandies, but to arouse an interest in
the world of nature, to enable students to become observant,
analytic, self-helpful, and to appropriate her vast resources in
the work of teaching. Instruction is therefore given the form
of experiments, and the students led to interpret them and to
reduce them to theory. Nutiire is consulted first, and hooks
second. The work is supplemented by drawings, charts, out-
lines, .reference books, and daily recitations, either oral or
written.
22 State Nor:mal School,
Students are directed in making physical apparatus for ex-
periments in physics, to enable them to illustrate the principles
of that subject where no apparatus is furnished by the Board.
Free use of Manual Training room is had for this purpose,
and the work is under the guidance of the teacher in charge.
Pupils also have free use of a large and well selected collection
of reference books on scientific subjects and are drilled in
proper use of them through special reports on some subject
assigned them for investigation.
The institution affords nearly a thousand dollars worth of
apparatus to illustrate the principles of Physics alone, and
nearh' all the principles of Mechanics, Pneumatics, Hydrostat-
ics, Acoustics, Electricity, Heat, and Optics can be illustrated
before the classes.
Physiology.
In Physiology several hundred dollars have been spent in
procuring charts and models. By means of the latter the true
form, size, position, boundaries, color, etc., of nearly every
organ and part of the human body can be demonstrated. Be-
sides a Torso, -showing all the internal organs in position,
among the models of most help and need, are those of the eye,
the ear, the nose, the lungs, the head, the foot, etc.
A chart showing the effect of Alcohol on the different
tissues also proves a valuable aid.
The course in Physiology is designed t(j show students how
they may conduct simple yet instructive experiments in their
own schools. The frog is made the basis for many interesting
experiments on the circulatory, digestive, lymphatic, respira-
tory and nervous systems. The everyday knowledge that the
students have of familiar animals, is used as a basis for com-
parative work. Observations are made on bones, joints,
muscles, nerves, glands, etc., secured from a butcher, and many
Clarion, Pa. 23
facts thus well impressed. In addition the school has several
hundred dollars invested in large life sized charts, and a neatlj'
articulated human skeleton. These are all valuable aids in
forming correct ideas of the various organs and systems of the
human body.
Botany.
In the study of botany the most modern methods are
adopted. The student is assigned table room and a coaipound
microscope, and is daily engaged in original investigation under
direction of a teacher or assistant. Instead of the mere learn-
ing of technical names and classifying from books, the plant-
organs and modifications thereof are actually observed even to
their cell structure, and the names applied as needed. The
plant kingdom is accordingly understood b}' the study of
types and classification becomes natural and easy and intelligible.
Among the types studied this season are Oscillaria, Protococ-
cus, Spirogyra, Vaucheria, as Green Algae\ Diatoms and Fucus,
as Broton AUjae; Mucor, Cystophus, Yeast,- Ascobolus, Lichen
and Rusts, as Fungi,; Mnium, Funaria, and Sphagnum, as Moss;
Asphidium, Filix-mass, Polypodium and Equisetum as PteriJo-
phites; Pinus Strobus and Pinus Sylvestris, as Gymnosperms,
Capsella, Zea Mays, as Angi'jsperms. Aside from this, much
work is done in gross structure, helpful in leading children to
be observant. Daily talks and quizzes are given by the teach-
er, intended to co-ordinate the facts observed in the laboratory
and to stimulate research and thought. Here the function of
organs is especially dwelt upon and interpreted with reference
to the life within. Such texts as Bergen's, Spalding's and
Campbell's laboratory guides are the works used in the studw
Drawings of facts observed, written reports and descrijitions.
2^ State Normal School,
outlines and reports of subjects as special topics for investiga-
tion, form additional modes of work in this department.
Other subjects of this department are pursued in a similar
method to those above.
Political Geography.
One term of fourteen weeks will suffice for persons having
some knowledge of the subject of Political Geography to com-
plete required work. The facts of physical phenomena are giv-
en first attention as being bases of all political phenomena.
Each continent is studied with regard to structural and climatic
conditions, thus preparing definitely for the political and com-
mercial features of nations. Charts and maps are prepared by
students. Collections of geographical interest as to the products
in various stages are made as stimulating the study of nature,
and the utilization of her products by man.
Physical Geogfraphy.
One term is given to this subject and attention is paid to
the study of the earth in its astronomical relations — to the at-
mosphere, its composition, properties, movements, functions,
etc. — to the hydropshere, its composition, properties, move-
ment.s, functions, etc. — to the lithosphere its structure, changes,
teachings, etc. Facts are learned to help interpret the whole,
which is ever studied as a part of a greater whole. Constant
note is made of man's relation to all the various phenomena
met with in the voyages of discovery made either by pupil, or
pupils and teacher together. The institution is well supplied
with globes, maps charts, geographical ;ind g(,ol{jgical, and
little need is felt for greater facilities in this w(jrk.
J
Clarion, Pa, 25
United States Ilistory.
Twenty-eight weeks in first year's work are required for
completion of the course in this branch.
The aim is to give comprehensive and realistic view of the
development of our country, and to show the relation we bear
to the world's great problem of freedom. To this end the rel-
ative facts in general and English history receive much atten-
tion. The text is supplemented by required investigation in
the standard historical works found in the library, which is
well supplied in this department. This part of the course
is most beneficial as student teachers receive the bfoad histori-
cal knowledge only by reading the larger works.
Illustrations by maps,' diagrams, etc., are a requisite part
of class work, as our teaching oiitlines, prepared by student
te'achers, and submitted for criticism.
HATHEMATICS.
The Mathematics of this institution are taught with, con-
stant reference to the special cult which they afford. An educa-
tion involves three. Jiues of culture, viz: The acquisitiQnal,
afforded by the natural sciences; the reflectional, afforded by
the mathematics; the expressional, afforded by the language
branches and literature.
Acquisitional studies are those which train the ingoing en-
ergies of the mind — the senses, the feelings, observation, per-
ception, etc They have for their subject-matter f/iiiu/s — all
material phenomena. The culture afforded by these studies, is
scientific, practical. It looks immediately to the actualities of
life. It affords the raw- material and foundation of all other
cults.
The reflectional studies are those which train the internal
activities of the mind, ^ conception, abstraction, judgment, the
logical processes. They have for their subject matter the n<fii-
26 State Normal Schooi,,
tion of tkintfs. The culture afforded by these studies is reflec-
tive and ratiocinative. It pre-supposes facts and looks towards
language and all forms of expression. The reflectional studies
pursued in this institution are Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry,
Trigonometry and higher branches..
While these are constantly taught with reference to the
special culture which they afford, the acquisitional and express-
ive sides of the training are not neglected. Mathematics is
purely an abstract science in its principles, processes and pro-
ducts, and as such affords an unequalled training in logical
habits of thought. But to make this training the sole aim is to
rob it of its chief importance and to make its study of doubtful
utility in this busy, practical age.
All exercises of the class room from the most elementary
Arithmetic class to the Algebra, Geometry and Trigonometry
classes are characterized by neatness and order in written work
and accuracy of verbal statement in oral explanation. Pupils are
trained constantly to a correct use of the technical terms of the
science and to a clear conception of their meaning as embody-
ing its fundamental ideas and broadest generalizations. The
constant use of original problems and theorems, with frequent
exercises in heuristic work, establish the habit of vigorous con-
structive thought, which is so important a result of mathemati-
cal instruction. In all the classes of mathematics, while this
academic purpose is maintained, the professional character of
the work is never lost sight of. Every class is a methods and
psychology class. The mathematics afford perhaps a better
field for the clear exposition of the principles of pedagogy in-
volved than any other subject. This fact is utilized in the
special attention given by the teacher to methods employed in the
teaching of the subject-matter. It is not forgotten that young
people are more apt to teach Arithmetic as they are taught the
subject than they are to teach it as they are taught to teach it.
It is found that this combination of the professional instruction
witfi the academic instruction gives substance and significance
to the work of the strictly professional classes of the school
which it would otherwise; lack.
Clarion, Pa. 27
Arithmetic - Oral and Written.
Students having a fair knowledge of Arithmetic may enter
the Junior class and thus complete the subject in two terms
(28 weeks.) About one-third of this time is given to a drill in
mental or oral Arithmetic using Common Fractions and Deci-
mals, the design in this work being to give the student the
power of clear and full analysis of problems.
The rest of the time is spent in First Principles and their
application in the various departments of the subject.
The facts learned are ever used to interpret the new and
untried and the subject thus reduced to science. The student
is ever stimulated to test, try, prove, his statements and those
of the text and a constant effort is made to close thought, clear
reasoning and to establish a philosophic habit.
Algebra.
While many students are able in two terms to complete
the elementary algebra, yet they may require three, and in some
cases the whole year will be necessary. Efforts will be made in
the ordinary time of classes to recognize the various stages of
advancement and ability to master the subject manifested by
the student.
Geometry.
Two terms are given to this subject. The laboratory
method and class method are adopted according to the needs of
the class. Special attention is given to the evolution of the
theorems, logical precision and cogent expression.
28 State Ncirmal School,
LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.
Orthography.
Th^ inippftance of ready use of written English is acknowl-
etlged.by all educators, chough much difference of opinion re-
garding method and means of attaining it may prevail. Our
aim,. i^ !to, prepare the stu^dent to use written English correctly
as to spelling, punctuation, capitalization, etc. JExercises in
dictation, in compositions of descriptions, narrations, letters,
business forms are daily requirements. Thorough work in the
system of diacritical^marking is .given. One term in hrst year's
work should be given to this branch.
Reading.
Correct appreciation and interpretation of the thought of
the author, and the apprehension of historical, literary and sci-
entific allusions are among the important factors that go to
create a taste for good reading and are given the attention de-
manded by their importance.
English Grammar.
Students who have carefully studied some good text may
complete this subject in two terms of twenty-eight weeks. The
work in this subject consists in a thorough discussion of the
sentence and the parts of speech. To this end preliminary
work is done in marks, or attributes, notions, conc(>pts, judg-
ments, propositions, and these are used to interpret the work in
general. Students are enabled to l)e independcMit thinkers on
the subject by making tluiir own classilications and dcdnitions,
and testing those of the text, all this, of course, being preceded
by a careful study of the words in their various functions in tli
Clarion, Pa. 29
sentence. The subject in the Junior Class is made ahnost en-
tirely technical but in the lower class is pursued with reference
to the demands of the common schools,
Higher English.
The stud}' of Rhetoric as pursued here is made especially
to subserve the purpose of developing the student's power of inde-
pendent logical analysis, thorough investigation and effective
elaboration of any and all subjects. The subject of Rhetoric itself
is outlined in detail, and that the study may be made practical
rather than theoretical, bi-weekly essays, illustrative of the
various forms of discussion, are required on themes assigned by
the teacher. These are criticised by students and teacher, and
criticisms reported in class.
The study of the History of Literature is designed to lead
the student to trace for himself the evolution of English and
American Literature in its various departments, the develop-
ment of the English Language,, and their relation to the politi-
cal, social and moral history of the people. In the limited
term of twelve weeks allotted to this work, special study is
necessarily given to but few individual authors, as Shakespeare,
Emerson and Lowell, around whom others are grouped as the
latter are brief!}' sketched. A special effort is made to challenge
and encourage independent individual literary criticism on the
part of the student, taking into consideration the author's ad-
vantages, his own personal character, and the character of his
times, as well as the subject matter and style of his writings.
Latin and Greek.
Students in Latin are drilled with special care in Grammar.
During the Junior year a part of each lesson consists in trans
lating English into Latin, and much attention is given to the
derivation of English words from Latin roots. Twenty-eight
weeks are spent in Tuell & Fowler's book for beginners. 1 his
50 State Normal School,
lays a good foundation and makes the study of Caesar au easy
task. The Helvetian War is read during the first term of the
Senior year.
What has been said about Latin applies also to Greek.
Students preparing for College spend two terms on White's
Greek Lessons. The first book of the Anabasis is read during
the remainder of the school year. The amount of the classics
read varies from year to year, but the following may be taken
as the average: Caesar, four books; Cicero, six orations; Virgil,
six books; Anabasis, four books; Iliad, three books. No one
should expect to prepare for College in less than three years,
two-thirds of the time being spent ou the classics. Foundation
work is the most important; the habit of cramming is sure to
prove detrimental to accurate scholarship and finished culture.
Drawing.
Daily exercises for twenty-four weeks are required to com-
plete the course in drawing. Class and special prescribed work
are passed upon by the State Board. Students wishing credit
for former work will please note this requirement.
The course includes instruction and practice in brush and
pencil, Water Colors preceding the pencil work. Thorough
preparation for art work is given in a carefully arranged course
in form study, including modeling in paper, both card board
and mache, and in clay. Model and object work, blackboard
and outdoor sketching, are all made prominent features of class
drill. Copying from studies of best artists, with which the de-
j)artment is well supplied, is encouraged, as enabling students
to improve their style and to afford opportunity cf seeing how
l;est artists give expression to details, etc. This part of our
work has proved very attractive and profitable.
Students are trained by the study of ornament, both in the
conventional and historic elements, to better appreci-
ation of art in its broader sense.
Clarion, Pa. 31
Pedagogfy.
General Statement. — Each department of the Normal
School proper is professional. The work in the Pedagogical
department is done under the assumption that the educational
problem may be divided into three factors. (i) the child, (2)
the world, and (3) the relation and means of communication be-
tween the two. Each of these factors must receive professional
treatment. The academic department of the Normal School
treats professionally the world of Matter, Force and Mind, and
reveals the method of education as determined by the nature of
the branches. The Pedagogical Department aims to show the
method of education as revealed by the nature of Mind Growth
and then reduces the two to unity by revealing the mutual re-
lations of the mind and its world.
Purpose — The department then aims to develop in the
teacher a professional spirit.
I. By bringing into clear consciousness the guiding
and intensifying purpose of a desire to help mind to unfold.
This is done (i ) by a study of Educational Psychology which re-
veals the potentialities of the human soul, (2) by a study of
great teachers and their work.
II. By making the teacher conscious of his power.
This is done by leading the prospective teacher to use his
knowledge of the branches and his native ability in solving
school problems.
III. By development of skill and tact in applying the
means of culture. This is secured by a study of School
Management and Practice Teaching under intelligent guidance.
Preparatory Methods.
The first year's work would more properly be called Meth-
ods of Study than methods of teaching. The aim of thiS year's
work is to aid the pupils in forming systematic and orderly
3^ State Normal School,
habits of work. The\- are helped with their programs. Each
student studies his own method of work. Type lessons are
studied. Lessons in how to use books of reference, etc.
Lessons in composition and modes of expression. Some book
is read, analyzed and interpreted. The class will read Leonard
and Gertrude in 1898-1899.
Junior Methods.
Aim I. Methods of Acquisition are continued.
The particular aim of this year's work is to help the
pupil gain the power to think the pupil and the world as
organisms and to think of Education as an organic process.
Mf.ans. II. Cycles Studied.
r. Physical Cycle — Year, Day, Water, etc,
2 Life Cycles.
1. Plant — From seed to seed.
2. Animal — From germ to germ.
3. Spirit Cycle — From ideal to real.
The mutual relation between branches and between sub-
divisions of branches is then revealed by a somewhat detailed
Study of Geography and History.
A study of Language as a means of expression, ending with
the writing of a booklet on some subject. The subject of the
coming year not yet selected. This is determined largely 1)\-
the class.
IntekcrkTation. III. A study of a few literary produc-
tions, such as Village Blacksmith, A June Day, from Lowell,
etc.
Junior Management.
1. A stutly of the school as an organism.
II Supervision of Conditions of Instruction.
a. School House anrl apparatus, seating, ventihition,
etc. '•:':';•,
Clarion, Pa. 33
b. Problem of Classification, Gradation, Program.
c. Course of Study.
III. Supervision of Instruction.
a Class Management — The problem of the recitation,
etc.
b. Discipline — Restoration of broken unity, Problem of
Punishment,
c. Summary aad Stud}' of Teacher's Equipment.
Senior Pedagogy.
1. Psychology. A preliminary study of the ph3'siology
of the Nervous System.
I. A genetic study of modes cf human activity.
1. Automatic or spontaneous activit3^
2. Reflex action.
3. Instincts.
4. Voluntary acts.
II. The development of Consciousness revealing the
functions of Intellect, Emotions and Volition.
1. Training of the Will.
2. Stages of knowing.
3. The unfolding of Emotions.
III. The development of Self-Conciousness.
1. Study of Self.
2. Idealization.
3. Realization — A study of the evolution of Charac'
ter. Educational Classics — One day per week through the
Fall and Winter terms the Seniors study some of the educa-
tional classics. Class of '99 will study Spencer on Education,
Dewey's Creed, etc.
2. Gener.al Methods.
I. A general discussion of the laws of mind growth as
revealed in Psychology.
II. A study of definition.
III. Scientific procedure.
3. Special Methods, in connection with practice teach-
ins.
34 State Normal School,
4. History of Education. The aim of this work is to
give the inspiration and guidance that come from the concep-
tion of the progress of the human race toward freedom. Na-
ture, Great men, and Institutions are studied as historic forces.
Special Studies of Education and Educational Systems as re-
lated to national and religious movements is then followed by a
running summary of Courses of Study and methods of instruc-
tion. An intensive Study is made of Pestalozzi as a type of
Educational Reformers.
Chapel Lectures on Pedagfogfy and Didactics.
An important feature of the professional training in the insti-
tution is the instruction by lectures, given at Chapel Exercises
by members of the faculty, who maintain through the year def-
inite courses in various departments of Education. Special
lectures on practical methods of teaching, school management
and school economy, are also given at such times as the work
and circumstances require. These lectures intensify and make
concrete the principles set forth in the academic and profession-
al instruction in their special applications to current education-
al practice in this institution and throughout the country. The
later developments and practical results of investigation in
Physiological Psychology, Child Study and Educational Phil-
osophy are also discussed in a popular manner, the aim being
to keep the entire body of pupils in touch with the prevailing
movements of this and other countries, also, to awaken enthus-
iasm and give a proper setting of those living topics in the gen-
eral framework of professional instruction present in the regular
classes.
Manual Trainingf.
One aim ol educative handiwcjik is the dcvclojjmcnt of
manual dfxti'rity in the pupil, and its greatest field is illustra-
tive construction.
Clarion, Pa. 35
Students are exercised in the construction of mathematical
and physical apparatus, in molding and drawing geographical
forms, and in making models illustrating other subjects of
study.
A room has been flitted up in the school and is supplied
with the best wood-working tools, which are under the care of
a skillful mechanic. The teachers in the several departments
direct the students in the matter of work to be done.
Physical Culture.
The growing demand for higher physical development
of American womanhood increases the necessity of trained
teachers to introduce into the schools this, the first requirement
of good scholarship. This fact, with the added necessity of
exercise during the student life, is recognized in the State Nor-
mal course. During the fall term, daily exercise in the gymna-
sium is provided for, and required of all ladies able to take
the work. During the exercise period the simple gymnastic
suit, blouse and divided skirt, of dark blue cloth will be worn.
The Emerson system forms the basis for work, and stu-
dents passing examination in this work are expected to be able
to present the elements of Physical Culture and aesthetic gym-
nastics in systematic order.
Athletics.
The Normal Base Ball Team for '98 made a fine record at
home and throughout Western Pennsylvania.
The Normal Tennis Club has had an active, enjoyable
Season.
Basket Ball is enjoyed very much by the young men and
women in a large hall supplied for the purpose.
36 State Normal School,
Field Day has become an established feature of the Com-
mencement festivities. Handsome prizes have been offered by
the business men of Clarion.
DEPARTMENTS
OF THE
CLARION STATE NORHAL SCHOOL.
There is a Science of Education which sets forth a definite
bodv of principles concerning a definite subject-matter, namely,
the mind as an object of training. These principles form the
basis of a cognate art, the process of teaching. The science
and art of teaching must dictate the spirit and practice of the
Normal School in instruction and management.
Teaching is a profession, maintaining its organized body of
specially trained agents, employing its own jieculiar methods
and materials and aiming at its own differentiated products.
Devoted to its interests is a vast literature. The ablest
minds of the age contribute to its current magazines which
are supported by a regular army of constant and intelligent read-
ers. The keenest thinkers are filling lil)rarics with works de-
voted to the great subject of teaching.
In an age of great meetings, the mcnibcrs of this profes-
sion convene in assemblies unsurpassed in numbers attained
brilliancy of proceedings, and in their infiuence on civilization.
Over two millions are spent annually by the people of the
United States for the special training of its workers. The pub-
lic at large not only recognize the superiority of jirolessionally
trained teachers, Init fr(jn) all grades of schools, from the uni-
versity to the country school, comes an increasing demand for
teachers whc) have given the science and art of teaching special
attention.
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Clarion, Pa. 37
Young men and women are discovering that entrance into
even the humbler walks of the profession is becoming more and
more difficult without a Normal training. The State Normal
Schools are therefore being crowded and correspondingly mul-
tiplied. Not only must they afford professional training in the
common branches, but in the higher departments of knowledge,
and in the arts, and industries. To meet this demand this insti-
tution offers normal training in some eight departments, nameh':
1. THE TEACHERS' DEPARTMENT.
2. THE MODEL SCHOOL DEPARTMENT.
3. THE HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT.
4. THE COLLEGE PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT.
5. THE BUSINESS DEPARTMENT.
6. THE MUSICAL DEPARTMENT.
7. THE ELOCUTION DEPARTMENT.
8. THE ART DEPARTMENT.
While the work of these departments is included in the
Normal School and is thoroughly pervaded by its professional
spirit, yet, students not intending to teach will find them espe-
cially adapted to their needs and all of the instruction intensi-
fied and made more practical and effective by the c.'ear cut,
and scientific character of the methods pursued by teachers who
make teaching a careful, constant study.
THE TEACHERS' DEPARTMENT,
The various academic courses oflered, united with the dis-
tinctively professional courses, constitute this department.
A majority of the students in the institution are enrolled within
it, since they are preparing to teach. Many, who do not expect
3^' State Normal School,
to teach, avail themselves of its special privileges, reasoning
that methods in training to teach others are helpful in teaching
oneself. It is unnecessary to state that this view is encouraged
and is becoming more generally accepted.
MODEL SCHOOL DEPARTHENT.
The practice of teaching is a necessary part of the profes-
sional course. To know how to dc is one thing; to do is quite
another.
No matter how thout^'hly one ma}' understand the Science
of Teaching, or how carefully he may have observed another
teach, he needs actual practice to attain skill in the art of
teaching.
In the Model School the members of the Senior class pro-
ceed to put tht;ir theory into practice, and to test the solidity of
tht'ir attainments.
Here, through proper guidance, and fri(;ntlly criticism, an
experience is gained of immeasurable value, both to the pupil
teacher and his future patrons.
Theory, observation, practice and criticism make up the pro-
cess of professional instruction and training for all of the Senior
class. As we have a right to expect, gratifying results are
rL-aliz(.d continually.
We aim to fill the minds of our Seniors with an enthusias-
tic love of teaching and to inspire them with the spirit of con-
secration that will send tliem forth as missionaries in the great
w.jrk of popular education.
Flans for each day's work arc ])rcpar(Ml by tlie sttident-
teachers and .submitted to the Siiijcrintc [id( iit. Thus the ob-
ject of each rc-citation is established and niachiiK; work practi-
cally eliminated.
One of the instructive featur(;s of the Model School is the
w'-ekly t(tach(;rs' meeting, pr(-'sided over by the Snperfinliiideiit
Clarion, Pa. 39
of the Model School. Methods of teaching are discussed, and
points of discipline argued.
The course of Instruction comprises the usual work of the
first eight years of the public school course, together with na-
ture study in its different phases. The last four years of the
public school course, are completed in the Normal High
School.
Pupils are admitted without charge for tuition. Text
books are supplied free.
It is the studious aim to make the Model School the exem-
plification of the latest and best developments in method and
materials in the graded schools of the country.
NORMAL HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTHENT
It will be noticed that the studies pursued in the Regular
Normal Course are the equivalent of those of the most advanced
four years High School Course. Many young persons coming
from neighborhoods where High Schools are not yet organized
avail themselves of the facilities offered in this institution. Such
persons are not required to take the professional work. In
thus supplying a good High School to those who need it, the
State Normal Schools perform a very important public ser-
vice which enhances their usefulness to the commonwealth.
Many parents prefer to trust their children to the home-like
influences of the Normal School rather than to the surround-
ings of the town or city High School.
Adults also find the instruction and discipline of the Nor-
mal School more elastic and congenial, and, in many instances,
are enabled to complete their work in much less time than in the
ordinary High School.
40 State Normal School,
NORMAL COLLEGE PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT.
The faculty of the institution give special attention to
those preparing to enter college. It is the aim to supply such
classes and instructors as will enable any young men or women
to prepare thoroughly and at once to enter whatever institution
ihey may choose.
Man}' College presidents have spoken in high terms of
students received trcm this institution as being among their
most enthusiastic and successful workers.
Special arrangements have been made with certain colleges
and universities to admit students from this institution on their
standing without further examination.
Students entering this department are not required to take
professional work.
BUSINESS DEPARTMENT.
Next to a Normal education, in a practical preparation for
life, is a business education. Indeed, these should go together.
To meet this idea a Commercial De})artment has been made an
important feature in the Clarion Normal School
It is admirably equipped with all tlie facilities required by
the latest ideas of a business education.
Students will receive the same instruction as is im])artt:l in
the best business colleges in the country.
The young people of this practical and progressive day are
turning their attention more and more to ('ducation that sus-
tains intimate relation to the ])ractical affairs r>f life This ac-
( ounts for the increasing nuudx'r <>{ young men and women who
ire entering onr Commercial I )( p;!! t niciit.
Clarion, Pa. 41
It is our purpose in this department;
1. To give to both sexes technical and practical tducatiou
for business pursuits,
2. To offer persons of neglected educntlon such opportuni-
ties as will enable them to amend their deficiencies.
3. To afford to the students of Academies, Colleges, as
well as the pupils of District, Public and High Schools finish-
ing courses of study of immediate use in business life.
4. To impart such a mastery of Bookkeeping, Shorthdml.
Typewriting and related studies as shall give its graduates an
occupation whereby mone)' and a living may be earned.
5. To do its work in the shortest time and at the least ex-
pense consistent with thoroughness.
There are many advantages in pursuing this course in con-
nection with a large institution. The library facilities, the
literary societies, the social privileges, the culture and social
power coming from association with a large number of young
men and women pursuing different lines of study will be recog-
nized at once as invaluable.
Excellent practical instruction is given in Typewriting and
Shorthand. These have become almost a necessary part of a
good business education. .In fact, it is well known that a
bookkeeper who can do good work as a stenegrapher and type-
writer can always secure a lucrative position.
We invite a jt>er.<?o;ta/ examination of the Commercial De-
partment in all its appointments, especially as to tuition, which
is far below that of anv commercial school in the countrv.
Course of Study.
Studies in Commercial Course.
Bookkeeping, Single and Double Entry, Commercial
Arithmetic, Rapid Calculating, Commercial Law. Business
Penmanship, Business Correspondence, Business Forms, Of-
fice Practice, Banking, Grammar and Spelling.
42 State Normal School,
Studies in Shorthand and Typewriting.
Theory and practice of Shorthand, Punctuation, Spelling
and Grammar, Correspondence, Business Penmanship, Type-
writing Dictation Drill, Speed Exercise, Duplicating, Manitold-
ing and Tabulating.
Tuition Fees.
Shorthand — daily instruction, - - per week $1.50
Bookkeeping " " - - .. .1 j^q
Typewriting " " - - - .11. ^o
Shorthand, Typewriting and Bookkeeping " " 2.50
Full course scholarship in Shorthand and Typewriting or Bookkeeping,
time unlimited, 540.CO.
Instructions also given by mail.
MUSIC DEPARTMENT.
Miss Carrie Wilhelm, who is in charge of this department,
is widely known as a brilliant pianist and thorough master of
the sciences and art of music. Miss Wilhelm is passionately
devoted to music, and has developed extraordinary talent in
her profession. Though young, she already ranks among the
best pianists in the country, and what is most gratifying, she
has the power to impart to her pupils her own enthusiasm for
the art of Music. Already a new spirit pervades this depart-
ment of our school, and both teachers and students are actively
participating in the musical exercises.
The following notices are selected from many which have
appeared in the papers of different cities where Miss Wilhelm
has given public and private recitals:
This young pianist possesses all the fire, brilliancy and
exquisite purity of tone, all the requisites of a truly successful
pianist. — DtHpatrJi,^ Pittsburg.
Miss Wilhelm possesses a clean, crisp technique, adcfjuatc
to the demands of some of the most difficult compositions in
Clarion, Pa. 43
piano literature and further makes everything glow under her
fingers. — Pres<s, Pittsburg.
Miss Wilhelm is brilliant in both style and technique. —
HJvenlng Republicin, Meadville.
Her skill and talent have attracted wide attention. The
press in cities have predicted a great future for her. The
Normal is fortunate in securing her services. — Clarion Democrat.
Her solos captivated the audience. — Oil City Derrick.
Each pupil receives two private lessons a week. Good
pianos are furnished for practice.
The following course of study shows the nature of the in-
struction, which will be followed in outline, but not exclusively.
Grade I. Daily Studies, Studies for finger development,
.^elected from Wohlfahrt, Loeschorn, Gurlitt, Von Wilm,
Sonatas, Selected pieces.
Grade H. Berens, Loeschorn, Haydn, easy Sonatas,
Mozart Sonatas (Selected), Selected pieces from modern com-
posers.
Grade HI. Georner, Technic and Tone Production,
Loeschorn, Beethoven easier Sonatas, Schubert, Impromptus
Selected pieces.
Grade IV. Jensen Studies, Cramer Studies, Bach Inven-
tions, Beethoven Sonatas, Selected Compositions from Chopin,
Grieg Schuman, Chaminade, etc.
One year's course in Harmony is required of graduates.
Musicales.
Public recitals will be given at the close of each term.
Studio Musicales are given special attention. As the
students become capable they will be expected to take part in
these concerts and thus accustom themselves to playing before
the public.
44 State Nt)RMAL School,
Expenses of Music Department.
Private lessons on piano.
Fall Term, 14 weeks . . . . I14.00
Winter Term, 12 weeks - ... 12.00
Spring Term, 14 weeks ... 14.00
P"or less than one term, per lesson ... .60
Harmony per term - - < - 4.00
R-:nt of Piano, one period, per day, per term - - 1. 00
ART DEPARTMENT.
Excellent instruction in oil painting, china painting, pastel
and water colors is provided. Mrs. Ross and Miss Montgom-
ery are well known for their artistic work. Students will enjoy
the privilege of Mrs. Ross's elegant studio. We regret that
.Miss Montgomery, owing to frequent absence from Clarion, can
give lessons only at times suited to her convenience. Students
wishing to take lessons should write to the Principal for full
particulars as to charges, time required, etc.
ELOCUTION DEPARTMENT.
Miss Dorothy E. Jackson, of this Department, is a gradu-
ate of the Department of Oratory, New England Conservatory
of Music, Boston. She is a delightful reader and a thorough
instructor.
Those who have special gifts and are anxious to prepare
themselves for a successful career as public readers will find
Clarion, Pa. 45
excellent training and unusually good opportunities to develop
according to the latest and most approved ideas on this line.
The Regular Course requires two years' work. Two pri-
vate lessons per week and two class lessons.
The following outline will give some idea of the work:
Junior Year.
Organs of Speech, Position of the Organs in Voice. Pro-
duction— Economy of Breath, Vocal Hygiene, Defect of
Speech.
Articulation and Pronunciation, Qualities— Inflection,
Emphasis, Pitch, Pause, Quantity and Movement — Analysis
of Selections. Gestures — Directive and Illustrative — Drama-
tic Action, Reading from best authors. Public appearance in
Recitals.
Senior Year,
One hundred and eighty Emotional Studies. Classifica-
tion and Description of Emotions, Range and Strength in De-
livery, Flexibility of Voice, Intensity, Cultivation of the Imag-
ination, Climaxes, Cutting and Arrangement, Dramatic Action.
Analysis of Shakespeare's plays. Study of Classic writers.
Public Recitals.
LITERARY SOCIETIES.
Several literary societies and debating clubs are main-
tained, and students are advised to join them, for the training
they ma}' receive in parliamentary practice and the opportuni-
ties afforded for frequent exercise in composition, oratory and
debate.
46 State Normal School,
In this progressive and eventful age no young person is
well prepared for the duties of life who is not familiar with the
methods of opening and conducting a public meeting and who
cannot express his thoughts in such a meeting. The training
received in a well conducted literary society gives these accom-
plishments and does more; it is an incentive and aid to correct
and systematic thought. The Ancients recognized the relation
of thinking and speaking, for they placed oratory and debate
first in the catalogue of exercises for mental development.
The testimony of many of our students is that they have
derived more benefit from society work than from any one of
the regular branches studied.
A valuable feature of this work is the Bancroft Literary
Society, in which excellent work is being done, much to the
pleasure and profit of its members. The society has an excel-
lent constitution, has adopted and makes a special stn(1y of
Robert's Rules of Order, thus giving training in both the theory
and practice of parliamentary procedure.
The Union Literary Society is also carried on by the stu-
dents of the school and stimulates a healthful rivalry in this de-
partment of education,
Two beautiful and commodious halls in the new Model
School building are set apart for the Bancroft and Union Soci-
eties.
LIBRARIES.
There are connected with the institution two valuable li-
braries: the General Reference Library and the Text-Book Li-
brary.
Clarion, Pa.
47
The General Reference Library.
In a large Hall, at the South side of the Main Builtling, is
located the General Reference Library. It contains over 5,000
volumes, is open the whole day, and its books are free to all.
Here is a great study-room where the students investigate sub-
jects, assigned by the teachers, pursue courses of reading, con-
sult encyclopedias, dictionaries, gazetteers, etc., read the daily
papers and all the leading magazines of the country. The Li-
brarian in charge, Miss Nellie Wetter, is constantly present to
aid pupils in looking up topics, suppl}' books, and suggest lines
of reading She is a lady of rare culture; thoroughly lamiliar
with the library and competent to suggest and instruct. She
performs the duties of a Professor of Books and is looked upon
as one of the most important members of the faculty.
The library has been arranged, classified and carefully cat-
alogued by a library expert; according to the Dewey System of
Classification, each of the ten classes of the system being repre-
4»
State Normal School,
seuted by a large number of books. On the shelves the books
are carefully labeled and arranged according to class divisions,
following a numerical order as the decimal system provides.
If the following general Key is followed any work on any
general subject is easily found:
o General Works,
loo Philosophy.
200 ReHgion.
300 Sociology.
400 Philology.
500 Science.
600 Useful Arts.
700 Fine Arts.
800 Literature.
900 History.
These classes are subdivided indefinitely, thus giving to each
branch of the general subject its number and place on the
shelves. A Dictionary Card Catalogue is also provided which
more minutely gives details regarding author, title and subject.
The object of this Catalogue is:
1. To enable a person to find a book of which either
(a) the author, or (b) the title, or (c) the suL)ject is
known.
2. To show what the Lil)rary contains
(a) by a given author, (b) on a given subject, (c) in a
given kind of literature.
The Library also contains in addition to the daily and
county papers carefully preserved on convenient files, all the
leading perodicals and magazines of the country, thus affording
to the students a wide variety of reading in all the more im-
portant current literature of the day.
The following is a list of the principal magazines kept for
the consultation of students, teachers and citizens of Clarion:
Arena
Book News
Century
Chautauijuaii
Child Study
Church at Ifoini' and Al)roa(
Cosmopolitan
Current Literature
Ivlucation
Ivducational Indc-]H-ndent
Ivducational ( y.izette
Ivducational Reviews
Literary News
Lihrary Journal
McClure s
Nursery
New Ivlucation
Normal Kducator
North American Review
Outlook
Pojjular vScience Mdnthly
Primary lulucatioii
Public ()])inion
Public School Journal
Clarion, Pa.
49
Forum
Harper's Monthly
Independent
Inland Educator
Literary Digest
Iviterary News
Review of Reviews
Self Culture
Scribner's
Temperance Tribune
Youth's Companion
These books and magazines are not only free for the use of
the students and faculty, but to the citizens of Clarion, subject
to certain necessary rules as to use and record. A convenient
and speedy system of record, a part of the Dewey system, is
provided.
The Library Room is always a scene of great interest,
crowded as it always is with persons quietly busy at earnest
study and research, prompted by the teachers or the Librarian,
or suggested voluntarily by the varied taste and culture of those
who learn to enjoy its privileges.
BASE BAtL CLUB, '98.
50 State Normal School,
Text Book Library,
The Text Book Library is in the Registrar's office, opposite
the Principal's office. Here are kept all the text books used
in the institution in sufficient numbers to supply all students.
The following is a list of the texts used in this institution:
Text Books.
Reader — Continental. Speller — Continental.
History, U. S — Morris. Arithmetic — Brooks and Hob
Geography — Frye. Geography — Physical, Eclectic.
Letter Writer — Westlake. Physiology — Cutter.
Grafnmar — Patterson. Algebra — Wentworth.
Latin Book — Tuell & Fowler. Botany — Bergen.
Civil Government — Mowry. Bookkeeping— Williams & Rogers.
Paragon of Song — Root & Chase. Concert Gems— Palmer.
Methods — McMurry & Landon. Management — Tompkins.
Leonard & Gertrude. Education — Spencer.
Psychology — Kirkpatrick, and James. Physics — Gage.
Ctesar- Kelsey. Latin Grammar — Bennett.
History — General, Myers. Rhetoric — Day.
Geometry — Wentworth. History of Education — Painter.
Literature — Raub. Wayniarks for Teachers — Arnold.
Studien — Collar. Grammar — German.
Literary Interpretations — Tompkins. Psychology — Hoflding.
Geology — Dana Virgil- Allen & Greenough.
Cicero — Keksey. Greek Book — White.
Trigonometry and Surveying — Went- Chemistry — Williams.
worth. Zoology — Burnet.
Manual of Ethics — Mackenzie. Philosophy of Education — Rosen-
kranz.
BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS.
Seminary Hall or Main Building contains the Chapel,
Auditorium, Principal's Office, Recitation Rooms, Libra-
ries, Registrar's Office, Y. W. C. A. Parlors, and Book Rooms.
Two dormitories, one for the ladies and the other for the
gentlemen, stand within a few yards of Seminary Hall. These
two buildings are heated by steam, lighted with electricity and
have hot and cold water and bath rooms on every floor. All
rooms are carpeted and furnished with clothes-presses, beds
and bedding, tables, chairs and everything requisite for com-
Clarion, Pa.
51
fortable living. The teachers and boarding students take their
meals in the Ladies' Dormitory.
The Music Hall contains the Music Room, Business Hall,
eleven practice rooms, a suite of living rooms, a manual
training room and a gymnasium.
The Model School building and Science Hall was com-
pleted September i, 1894. The first floor of this building con-
tains seven recitation rooms, a Principal's office, a Trustee's
room and the Model School Laboratory. On the second floor
are two recitation rooms, a laboratory for the Scientific De-
partment, and two commodious halls for the literary societies.
This is one of the finest structures in Clarion and is well
adapted for the use to which it is dedicated. It is lighted by
electricity.
The Power House is a new two story brick structure, in
which are placed four eight horse boilers for steam heating and
for power for the laundry and dynamo engines. The steam
laundry is on the second floor of the building and the equip-
ment is complete for the purpose for which it is intended.
The grounds, over ten acres in extent, are on an elevation
overlooking the town, and are graded in lawns and terraces.
TENNIS CLUB.
52 State Normal School,
STATE APPROPRIATIONS FOR STUDENTS.
By an act of the Legislature, appropriations are made by
the State to Normal students and Normal graduates as follows:
Each student over seventeen years of age, who shall sign a
paper declaring his intention to teach in the Common schools
of the State, shall receive fifty cents per week.
To secure this allowance, the student must attend the
school at least twelve consecutive weeks, and recite daily in the
Teachers' Training Class. The State appropriation is to be de-
ducted from the tuition.
Each student (over seventeen years of age) who, upon
graduating, shall sign an agreement to teach in the Common
Schools of the State two full years, shall receive the sum of
fifty dollars.
The above allowance is made by the schools only during
the time the State meets its responsibility by making the nec-
essary appropriation.
If the appropriations are not sufficient to meet this arrange-
ment, whatever appropriation is made from the State will be
divided pro rata among the students, according to the spirit
and tenor of the statute.
EXPENSES.
Tuition, hoakd, in'ci,ui)IN<; kim.i.v i'uknisiiki) rooms, iii;at
(STEAM), i,i(;iir ( i;i,KCT«ic), TKX riiooKS, ordinary i-kksonai.,
LAUNDRY, and OKNKKAI, SCHCJOl. TKI VI I,K(;KS:
I'all It-rni, j?!6o.oo Less State Aid, #7.()f) Ntl, I53.00.
Winter lenn, #5r.fX) " " " |.6.or) " 1^45. 00.
Sprinji term. J^6o.oo " " " #7.00 " $53. <x).
Claridn, Pa. 53
Tuition for resident Students and self boarders:
Fall term, ^17.00^ Winter term, 1^15.00^ Spring term, fliy.oo. Less
State Aid.
Regarding State Aid see above — under State appropriation
for students.
The scale of charge is made on the basis of two students to
each room for the term. An extra charge will be made for all
who prefer a room alone, or for less time than the term.
No student will be allowed to room and board outside the
school unless with parents, near relatives, or through special
arrangements; except those who wish to do their own cooking
and board themselves. In this case the place for rooming
and all arrangements must be made through the Management
of the schooL
Board during vacation, 15 cents per meal, this rate to take
effect the day after the close of the term as indicated in the cal-
endar for the year, and to cease on the day of opening of the
succeeding term.
No deductions will be made for persons leaving school dur-
ing the last two weeks of the Fall and Winter terms, nor for
those leaving the last three weeks of the Spring term; nor will
any deduction be made for absence the first two weeks of an}'^
term except in the case of teachers in public schools who enter
at once after closing their term.
No deductions on account of State appropriations are made
from payments for expenses required from students on entry.
FREE TEXT BOOKS.
Text-books are furnished free to all members of the school.
A deposit covering the value of the books will be required, but
this will be refunded, when the books are returned in good
order, less a charge of 5c for each book whose price is less than
65c and IOC for each book whose price is 65c or over. This
charge is made to cover the expense of covering the book and
of their registry.
5-^
State Norjial School^
The expense of text-books is considerable; amounting to
from S5.00 to 5S.OO a term. The Trustees of this institutiott
are anxious to diminish expenses wherever it is poss-ible, and to-
this end have invested over four thousand dollars for the best
texts; provided commodious text-book library room, and an
efficient, courteous clerk, all for the aid, and to diminish the ex-
pense^, of students.
DINING ROOM.
INDUCED RAIL ROAD RATES, &c.
By writing the Business Manager, R. G. Yingling, Clarion,
Pa., orders for reduced rates can be obtained on the
Pittsburg and Western R. R. ;
Bradford, Bordell & Kinzua R. R. ;
Pittsburg, Bessemer & Lake Erie R. R. ;
Transfer Company in Pittsburg or Allegheny for transfer of
baggage between any hotel or depot in Pittsburg, and the
Pittsburg and Western Station in Allegheny.
And at hotels in liradford, Kane, Foxburg and Brookville.
Letters for the special rates should enclose postage stamps
and give the railroad station on which the rate is desired.
CxATiioN, Pa. 55
tlOW TO MAKE THE BEST ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENTER-
ING THE SCHOOL.
Persons contemplating entering the school will do well to
write to the Business Manager for full instructions as to trans-
portation, roonjs, etc.
This secures the surest and best accommodations and the
speediest conclusion of all matters pertaining to entry.
HOW TO REACH CLARION.
The school is located in Clarion, the county seat of Clarion
county, a quiet and pleasant village of about two thousand in-
habitants, situated on the heights above the Clarion River.
Cool and bracing breezes and pure water contribute to the gen-
eral healthfulness of the place and make it a delightful spot
during the summer months. According to the last census,
Clarion was reported as having the lowest death rate of any
point in the United States.
Clarion is located on the Pittsburg & Western R. R., which
road as well as the Bradford, Bordell & Kinzua R. R., and the
Pittsburg, Bessemer and Lake Erie R. R., wilt give special
rates to students for Clarion from any point on their respective
lines in Pennsylvania.
Students will find it to their advantage to reach these roads
at the nearest points. Reduced rates have also been procured
from the Transfer Company in Pittsburg for conveying stu-
dents and baggage from any depot or hotel in the city to and
from the P. & W. R. R., in Allegheny.
Special rates have been secured at hotels in Bradford,
Kane, Foxburg and Brookville.
A fare of fifteen cents has been arranged for with the stage
line for conveying students from R. R. station to the School
buildings, a distance of 13^ miles.
56 State Normal School,
Baggage checks should be presented in the office of the
school or to some known representative, not to expressmen or
draymen at the R. R. station. By observing this you will save
a liable overcharge on drayage.
Students desiring rooms in the dormitories should apply
sufficiently in advance of the term during which they wish the
same; and those vvanting rooms for self-boarding should be
explicit as to whether furnished or unfurnished room is wanted.
Persons who for any reason change their minds about coming
to school after having secured rooms, will confer a favor by at
once notifying the Business Manager.
To secure a room, or an order which will procure reduceti
rates when presented to the ticket agent for any of the above
mentioned railroads, or at hotels, enclose a stamp and give the
name of railroad station from which you depart, and address,
R. G. YiNGLiNG, Business Manager,
Clarion, Pa.
50nE HELPFUL DIRECTIONS AND SUGGESTIONS TO
NEW STUDENTS.
1. Call, first, at the Business Manager's office, which is in
the Ladies' Dormitory, to the left as you enter the front door.
Here make arrangements for your room and your board. You
will be shown to your room and given a key to it; your trunk
will be delivered as soon as possible. Learn where the dining
room is and the hours of meals. Inquire also about the hours
of retiring and rising, studying and recreation.
2. Next call at the Principal's office, which is in the Sem-
inary Hall. Here you learn what studies you should take, when
and where your classes meet. Tell your wishes freely. Seek
and follow the advice of the Principal. Do not take too many
studies and so overtax yourself, become sick and discour-
aged. The Principal will give you a printed schedule of all the
classes, showing the time at which they meet and the teachers.
Here make up your mind what you wish to accomplish during
the term, then pursue your object steadily and determinedly.
Let nothing divert you from your purpose. If possible, decide
Clarion, Pa. 57
upon one of the prescribed courses of the institution and resolve
to graduate in the same.
3. Next, call at the Registrar's office, immediately across
the hall from the Principal's office. Here register, pay your
bills, and obtain your books. The Registrar will hand you an
enrollment ticket, with several detachable coupons attached.
Write your name at once on each of these coupons. Carry this
ticket to all of your classes.
4. Enter your classes at once. Do not miss the first reci-
tation. Take a front seat if possible. Note particularly what
is assigned for the first lesson.
5. At the close of the first recitation, detach from your en-
rollment ticket one of the coupons, see that your name is written
plainly upon it, hand it to your teacher introducing yourself.
He will thus be enabled to enroll you at once. If not possible
at this time, then, as soon as you can, become personally ac-
quainted with your teacher.
6. Your growth mentally will be in proportion to 3'our
voluntary activity in the exercises of the school. Do not there-
fore shrink from reciting, but modestly seek opportunities to
participate in every discussion.
7. Train yourself to close, continued attention throughout
the whole recitation, whether you recite or not. This cultivates
will power and develops character.
8. Go on the principle that your fellow students and
teachers are your friends, willing and anxious to make your stay
in the Normal pleasant and in the highest degree profitable.
g. Cultivate love of work, happiness in the performance
of every duty and an enthusiastic spirit in all things. Attend
all exercises cheerfully and regu!arl3^ Meet all requisitions
cordially and carry out the various rules and regulations of the
school of your own free choice rather than from compulsion.
Study from a motive of intelligent curiosity and with a de-
sire to know, rather than because you are meeting the prescrip-
tions of a teacher or the demands of a lesson. Train yourself
to this habit of doing and 3'ou will discover in j^ourself powers
and gifts not dreamed of and capacity for work impossible to
you if you serve as under a boss, or from coaipulsion or con-
stant espionage.
10. Do not plan to make visits home during the term.
Occasional absence from recitation is a sure guarantee of
failure.
11. The first and last weeks of a term are the most valu-
able ones. They guarantee a good beginning and a successful
close.
58
State Normal School,
12. Avoid any tendency to fault finding, grumbling and
worrying. It will depress, discourage and finally demoralize
you.
13. Remember, while in school, you are not preparing to
live, you are living. The habits, the set of mind, the mood of
soul acquired in school will mark you throughout life. They
are the promise and potency of your whole character.
V. M. C. A. OFFICERS.
CONDITIONS OF ADHISSION.
Students can enter the First Year Class of the Normal
Course at any time without examination, and will be admitted
to any class for which they are found to be qualified.
A prompt attendance at the opening of the session is very
desirable, both for the progress of the pupil antl for the proper
organization of the school.
The date of the opening of the session means tlic day on
which the organization of classes is effected and recitations
actually begin. Students should therefore contrive to be pres-
ent and have all arrangements completed on the day preceding.
It is very essential, especially in branclujs in which the treat-
Clarion, Pa.
59
meat of the subject is continuous, that students be present at
the first and every recitation.
V. W. C. A. OFFICERS.
MORAL AND i^ELIQIOUS INFLUENCES.
While a State Normal School is not sectarian in any par-
ticular, it should be Christian in its influences. Daily Bible
readings are conducted, and on Sabbath afternoons an hour is
devoted to religious exercises.
The Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. exert a powerful in-
fluence in favor of good conduct and pure morals. Both
organizations are strong in the school and are aggressive in
their efforts to win souls to Christ. The members are diligent
in looking after new stuilents and strive to make them ieel at
home. Under the auspices of these organizations are held
weekly and semi-monthly gospel missionary meetings. Daily
Bible classes are sustained, embracing a systematic study of
the Word.
All students are encouraged to attend on every Sabbath the
church of their choice, and pastors of all denominations are
welcome to engage with the members of the school in our re-
ligious exercises.
6o State Norisial School,
A volunteer band was organized several years' ago and
numbers among its members devoted and earnest Christian
workers.
Other young people's organizations for Christian work are
maintained, and students are thus trained to be active and
helpful in religious work and to find pleasure and profit there-
from.
DISCIPLINE.
All government should be self-government. We trust to
the honor of students to conduct themselves as ladie? and
gentlemen. They are made to feel that they have a common
interest in the school. Thus to a large extent they are a self-
governing body. Rules are made and promulgated only where
good order and the welfare of all demand them, and penalties
are for the most part confined to a restriction of privilege where
such privilege has been abused, but if the welfare of the school
should require the suspension of persons whose behavior is bad,
there will be no hesitancy in applying the remedy. The follow-
ing rules have been placed in all of the rooms of the dormitories
for information and direction:
Regulations.
1. Students are requested to Ix.- in their rooms j)roniptly at the rinj^inj^
of the first study bell.
2. During study hours students must not visit those occu])yinj^ other
rooms without ijerniission from the teacher of the floor visited.
3. No loud talking, Dracticinj^ on musical instruments, or otlier unnec-
essary noise will he j)ermitled in the dormitories durinj^ study hours.
4. Students are requested to walk (juietly through the halls and u])on
the stairs, at all times of the day. '
Clarion, Pa. 5i
5. No scuffling, boxing, or other exercise leading to disorder will be
permitted in the dormitory.
6. The occupants of rooms will be held responsible for any unnecessary
injury to property.
7. At the ringing of the retiring bell students are expected to retire at
once, and within ten minutes lights must be extinguished in all of the
rooms.
8. Students wishing to be absent from their rooms for one evening
should get permission from the teacher in charge.
9. Students who are necessarily detained from getting into their rooms
at the proper time should see the teacher in charge and explain the cause.
10. Permission to leave town for a day or two must be obtained from
the Principal of the School.
11. Students are requested not to harbor Sunday visitors.
12. Students are expected to attend chapel at all times, unless excused
by the Principal.
13. Waste water (nothing else) should be thrown into the pails pro-
vided in each room for the purpose, and emptied at proper times into the
hopper of the "dark room." All other refuse matter should be thrown into
the box to be found in each dark room,
14. The use of the bath rooms will be subject to such regulations as
may be regarded necessary by the teacher in charge,
15. Students must not, under any circumstances, tamper with the elec-
tric, gas, steam, or water connections. Serious damage to property, or
danger to themselves may result from failure to comply with this regulation.
16. Students are not permitted to use tobacco in nvy foria within the
buildings or upon the grounds, including the walks surrounding the same.
17. No gentleman student shall, at any time, enter the ladies' dormi-
tory, or rooms therein occupied by ladies, except by permission of a mem-
ber of the faculty authorized so to do. And the same shall apply to the lady
students respecting the boys' dormitory and rooms.
All students shall abstain from everything that may have the appear-
ance of possible evil or lead to unfavorable comment, such as strolling the
streets or other places at night, or into the country or woods at any time in
couples of opposite sexes.
Boarders and Roomers Outside the Dormitories.
Students must consult the Principal before contracting for rooms, and
must room at places indorsed or approved by the Principal.
Ladies and gentlemen shall not be allowed to room in the same house,
provided that brothers and sisters shall be allowed to room in the same house
where no other roomers are taken.
62
State Normal School,
Students shall not be absent from their rooming places after seven
o'clock in the evening, without obtaining permission from the members of
the faculty in charge, and also informing the people with whom they room
where they are going, and when they ^\^ll return. Permission cannot be
dispensed with, except when compelled by unforeseen causes or emergency,
to be absent. Such absence shall be reported to the Princip>al u-ithout delay,
and the reason for the same.
Each member of the faculty shall be charged with the duty of enforc-
ing, at all times and places, the rules and regulations adopted for the gov-
ernment of the schoo'.
NORMAL CORNET BAND.
THE ALUMNI.
On June 29, iSSS, the class that year met for the ])urpose of forming an
ALUMXI ASvSOCIATION
The organization has continued in existence since that date, holding
annual meetings anti receiving accessions from year to year, from each suc-
ceeding class. ItB annual reunion will be held this year on Tuesday even
ing, June 28. At the last meeting the Association selected the following
officers to serVe one year or until the Annual meeting.
R. B. Teitrick, '92, President.
C. 15. Rugh, '88, Vice President.
Alice K. Allen, '89, Secretary..
E. D Baker, '93, Treasurer.
Orvis C. Yingling, '96, Orator.
Clarion, Pa. 63
J. Leslie Pinks, '95, Alternate.
Floyd Ballentine, '94, Essayist,
Pearl Thompson, '94, Alternate.
Mary Davis, '96, Reciter.
Sadie Campbell, '97, Alternate,
The members of the Alumni are earnestly requested to keep the Princi-
pal of the school informed of changes in occupation or address, honors re-
ceived, marriages or deaths occurring among the ranks. Kindly inform the
Principal about the first of May each year.
The following list of names, together with postofEce addresses and occu-
patioi:s during the current year, has been prepared from such data as were
available:
[Note. — The places named in the following list are in Pennsylvania, ex-
cepting where designated otherwi-se.]
Class of 1888 — ^Normal Cotirse.
Name and Present Home Address. Position Last Year.
Mina Golieen Patrick, Foxburg, - - Taught in Armstrong Co.
Effie Finley Pattison, Avalon.
H. E. Beck, L,oveville, - - Teacher in Public Schools Center Co.
W. A. Beer, Callensburg, - - County Superintendent Clarion Co,
J. M. Bell, Penfield, - - - Principal of Public Schools.
S. C. Hepler, Iveechbnrg, - - - Principal of Public Schools.
L. L. Himes, Clarion, - - - - Principal of Public Schools.
Harry Pattison. (Deceased.)
C. E. Rugh, Clarion, . - . . Clarion State Normal.
W. W. Rugh, Philadelphia, - - - - Bible School.
G. F. Whitmer, Clarion, . . . - . Attorney.
J. B. Wilson, (Deceased.)
Academic Course.
J. A. Beam ------- Minister.
D. E. Hepler, Lemont, ------ Minister.
Qass of 1889— NofmaJ Course.
Alice E. Allen, Alum Rock, - - - Clarion State Normal.
Mary Rankin Apple, (Deceased.)
Ella Blair, Leatherwood, - - - Taught at Hope Church.
Caroline E. Hill, Turtle Creek, - - Taught in Allegheny Co.
Emma McFeaters Whitmer, Clarion.
Iv. T. Baker, Clarion, Superintendent Model School Clarion Normal School.
U. S. G. Henry, Perham, Minn. - Superintendent of Schools.
Academic Course.
J. M. Travis, Johnstown, - . - . . Minister.
Class of 1890— Normal Course.
Ethel Anderson, Cambridgeboro, - - Taught in Titusville.
64
State Normal School,
Frances Carrier Carrol, Brookville.
Zoa Delo Brand, i^ Deceased.)
Kate Fisher Davis, Wooster, Ohio.
Emma Francis Kendall,
Esther Frnicis Campbell, DuBois.
Carrie Hetrick, Putneyville, Physician,
Sadie Kifer Hamm, Dayton, Wash.
Cora Hoffman, Punxsutawney,
Mary Maffett, Clarion,
Kate Mahan Firth, Lander.
Emma Markell, Los Angeles, Cal.
Ella McCullough, Derrick City,
Eklith Over, Callensburg.
Jennie Putnam Firth, Farmington.
Nellie Rhea Holt, Franklin.
Frances Robinson, Sharpsburg,
Minnie Rugh Corbett, Clarion.
Wealthy Say, West Freedom,
Martha Shearer, Worthington,
Belle Sigsvorth, Fryburg.
Anne Slusser, Freeport.
Cora Snyder, ( Deceased. )
Effie Thompson Scott, West Snnbury.
Marie Van Gorder, Pleasant Hill.
Joan Williams, Tarentum,
R. L. Armstrong, Brockwayville,
Chas. L. Arnold, Dillsburg,
Byron L. Brand, South Amboy, N. J. ,
A. C. Brown, Clarion, . . .
John K. Gorman, Clearfield,
C. E. Hankey, New Bethlehem,
J. O. Ivcnkerd, DuBois,
James McKie, Shippenville,
Geo. M. Spangler, Washington, Pa.,
Taught in McKean Co.
Blockley Hospital Philadelphia.
Taught in Ridgway.
Teacher in Clarion.
Taught in McKean Co.
Taught in Allegheny Co.
Taught in Pittsburg.
Taught in Armstrong Co,
Taught at Sewickley.
Principal of Public Schools.
Principal of Mt. Joy Schools.
Mail Agent, P. R. R.
- Attorney.
Attorney.
Principal of Public Schools.
Taught near DuBois.
Station Agent.
Principal of Public Schools.
Class ot 1 89 1 — Normal Course.
Mabel V^ Baum, Kittanning,
Avis Cooper Brenner, Lander,
Anna I'irth, (deceaserl.)
•Mildred I'uller Murray, (Deceased.
Ida Hall Sayers, Hawthorne,
Alice Houghtaling, Wilcox,
Maggie Klingensmith, Freeport,
Gertrude McElhoes Morrow,
Taught in Kittanning.
Taught at New BethlelK-iii.
Taught at Wilcox .
Taught at Freejjort.
State Normal School,
65
Maude McKeever, Coal Hill,
Ada Miller, Smethport,
Jeanette Powell Kelso, Summerville,
Jennie D. Taylor, Parker's Landing.
Anna Thompson, Derrick City,
Bertha Wilkinson Brenneman, Marienville.
J. I. Esch, Dempseytown,
John A. Evans, 1918 Penn Ave,, Baltimore, Md.,
G. T. Jamison, . _ .
J. S. Kelso, Summerville,
W. A. McClure. Bennezette,
H. B. McCullough, Brockwayville.
O. P-. McKinney, Unga, Alaska,
W. A Reed, Myola,
J. D. Richards, Ford City,
C. E. Sayers, Hawthorne,
W. B. Scott, West Sunburry.
W. S. Thounhurst, Meadville,
W. M. Trezise, DuBois,
G. B. Whitehill, Clarion,
E. G. Williams, Ridgway,
Taught in Venango Co
Taught in McKean Co.
Taught at Brockwayville.
Medical Student
Physician.
Principal of Public School.
Physician.
Principal of Public Schools.
Attorney.
Principal Industrial School.
College Student, Washington.
Sec. Ford City Mirror Co.
Physician.
Principal of Public School.
College Student.
Principal Ward School, DuBois.
Editor.
Treasurer of Elk Tanning Co.
State Certificate.
A. A. Geary, Clarion,
Guy H. Fitzgerald, Clarion,
D. C. Cowan, Corsica,
W. A. Crawford, DeL,ancy,
C. S. Foster, East Brady,
G. C. Reimer, Lewisburg,
Attorney.
Academic Course.
Medical Student.
Seminary Student, N. Y.
Seminary Student. I^ewisburg.
U. of P. Medical University.
Instructor Bucknell University
Class of 1892 — Normal Course-
Libbie Aldinger Cribbs, Clarion,
Nora Altenburg, Hidetown,
Mabel Armstrong McCoy, Sistersville, W. Va.
Lydia Beightol, Dempseytown,
Edith Boyd, Coon's Corners, - - -
Lavona Boyd, Coon's Corners,
Adda Bennett Batchelor, Franklin Centire.
Anna Bradshaw, Coal Valley,
Maud Brunton, New Brighton,
Margaret Cleland, Beaver Centre,
Agnes Coe, Parker's Landing,
Margaret Conley, Tamarac,
Taught in Clarion Co
Taught in W. Va.
Taught at Warren,
Taught at Parker.
Taught at Parker.
Taught in Allegheny Co.
Student Miss. Train. Col. New York.
Taught in Warren.
West Penn Hospital, Pittsburg.
Student AUeghenj- College.
66
Clarion, Pa.
Sara Cooper, Harrisville,
Elizabeth Culbertson, Edinboro,
Lida G. Culbeat Thompson, (Deceased.)
AHce Cutler Edinboro,
Elva Darrow, Tillotson,
Eva Dawson, Barnard, North Carolina,
Flora Dewey Gleason, Wa^-land.
Elsie Diehl, Georgetown,
Pertnelia Dodson, Gregory,
Belle Giering, (Deceased),
Ida Gillette, Lineville.
.\nna Goodband, Sterrettania,
Mollie A. Gregg, Bradford,
Clara R. Gridley, Ulysses,
Etta J. Hobbs, New Cumberland, W. V'a.,
Jennie Hobbs, New Cumljerland, W. Va.,
Jeannette Houston, Cannonsburg,
Phoebe Irons, Line\'ille.
Clara M. Ivory, Pittsburg,
Mora Jameson, Avalon,
Laurie Johnson, Custer City,
Anna Jones, Strattanville.
Effie Keener, Kittanning.
Lydia Kerr, Gresham,
Dove Larimer Prather, Hydetown,
Ella McCain, Cabham,
Lulu McGuire, Conneaut Lake,
Jean McKee, Worthington.
Rose L. McCjuiston, Adamsville,
Vinnie Moriarity, Ventura, Cal.,
lennie Morrow Jones, Uniontown.
Minnie Neyland Virtue, Akron, O.
Klla Niles Fisher, Edinboro.
Louise Polly Roueche, Guy's Mills.
Emma E. Pond, Townville,
Jennie Rankin McBride, Oskaloosa, Iowa.
Jvucy Rice, New I'reeport,
ICdna Riggs Teitrick, Hrookville.
Edith Robinson, Vineland, New Jersey,
I/>u Robinw^n, Vinelanrl, N. J.,
.May Rohrer, I^wisburg.
]■', Ina Salisbury, Oil City,
IvOttie n. Sherrets, Ocean Side, N. V.,
I'velyn vSowle Brauin, Hutchison, Minn.
Inez Spaulding Wright.
Taught in Allegheny,
Taught at Edinboro.
Taught in E^dinboro.
Taught in Crawford Co.
Missionary.
Taught in Pittsburg.
Taught in Luzerne Co.
Taught in Erie Co.
Taught at Bradford.
Taught at Westfield.
Taught at Ingram.
Taught at Charleroi.
Taught at Cannonsburg.
Taught in Luckey Schools, Pittsbui^.
Taught at Sewickley.
Taught at Custer City.
Taught in Crawford Co.
Taught in Chicago, 111.
Teacher in Pittsburg.
Taught in Butler.
Taught in Jamestown.
Taught in Ventura.
Taught in Crawford Co.
Taught in Greene Co.
Taught in Bucks Co.
Taught at Vineland, N. J.
Milliner.
Taught in N. V.
State Normal School,
67
Mary Stancliffe, Edinboro,
Alice Wetter, Clarion,
Cora White Bennett, Erie.
Cora B. Williams, Spelman Seminary, Atlanta, Ga
Burdett S. Bayle,
Jas. R. Boal, Cochranton,
Earnest W. Bowman, Tionesta,
CM. Car dot, Hornsby,
W. D. Curll, Petersburg, Ind.,
Wilbur Daniels, Rothsay, Minn.,
Ross M. Duntley, Smethport,
C. C. Eaton, Warren,
H. Gratz Fuller, Harmonsburg,
Frank P. Gardner, Lamartine,
W. Milo Gleeton, Grand Junction, Mich.
T. M. Haggerty, Fredonia,
John R. Henninger,
Dennis E. Humes, Woodcock,
Alfred Jones, Uniontown,
E. J. Jones, St. Mary's,
C. E. Keeler. Elderton,
E. E. Keeler, Manorville,
G. W. Lachner, Bennett.
James H. Lawther, Mt. Pleasant.
Hugh McKay, Black Ash,
M. B. McNutt, Chicago,
F. W. Mitchell,
F. W. Morris, Vrooman,
Herbert Morris, Rundells,
F. W. Newsham, Wesleyville.
O. F. Orndoff, Harveys,
Homer Rice, New Freeport,
T. M. Ryan, McLalland's Corners,
T. N. Stancliffe, Oakdale Station.
J. B. Stewart, Brookville,
Ross R. Stewart, Sligo,
R. B. Teitrick, Brookville,
P. S. Will, Johnstown.
Peter M. Woodward, Guy's Mills,
Earnest S. Wright.
Class of 1893.
Flora Bennett, (Deceased).
Jennie Bootes Ferguson, Glendon, California.
Wihlema Cole.
Taught in Edinboro.
Music Student, Chicago.
Teacher.
Principal, Miles Grove.
Student Allegheny College, Meadville.
Teller in Bank.
M. D.
Attorne}-
Principal Public Schools.
Principal Public Schools, Kinzua.
Principal Public Schools, Glade.
Taught in Crawford Co
Physician.
Principal at New Castle.
Overseer Goldmine, N. C.
Taught in Crawford Co.
Attorney.
Attorney.
M. D.
Taught in Armstrong Co.
Pysician and Surgeon.
Seminary Student.
Student, Princeton.
Taught in Crawford Co.
Taught at Leetsdale.
Taught at Harveys.
Physician.
Taught in McKean Co.
Teacher in Academy.
Attornev .
Taught at Mt. Pleasant.
Superintendent of Jefferson Co.
Druggist.
Taught in Crawford Co.
68
Clarion, Pa.
Jennie Cook,
Nannie Corbett, Corsica,
Alice Baker Daniels, Rothsay, Minn.,
Elva Daucliey, Springboro,
Jennie Dickey, East Brady,
Sallie Dickey. Guyraniwala, India,
Lena DoUoff, No. i Barry Ave., Bradford,
Jennie Donald, HafFey,
Maye Eldred, Titusville,
Mildred Fitzgerald Knapp, Clarion.
Dilla Freeman Weller, INIosiertown.
Ella Greenhalgh, Venango,
Grace Harley, Oil City.
Minnie Harrison, Vrooman,
Bessie Howard, Homestead,
Cora Irvin, Coon's Corners,
Minnie Kleckner Morris.
Delma Lamb, Rockland,
Mary Lamb Wenzel, Nebraska,
Phoelje Latshaw, Clarion,
Ella McKnight, Buena Vista,
Edna McKallip, Summit City,
Carrie Mong, Knox,
Jessie Ongley, Blooming Valley,
Cora Roble, Rasselas,
E)li/.abeth Schmuck McCombs, Enilenton,
Edith Sloan,
Pearl Southwick, Glyndon, Scientific Graduate
Ida Stewart, Vrooman,
Elizabeth Summerson, F^mlenton,
Laura Thompson, Smith's Ferry,
Florence Walker, Duke Centre,
E. M. Alt, State Line Mills,
E. D. Baker, Knox,
W. M. Brown, Clarion,
Ward F. Brown, Bell's Mills,
S. T. Davison, Clymer, N. V.,
J. G. Hilliard, Colorado .Springs, Col.
E. E. Lawson, Dayton, I'
G. W. Lenkerd, DuBois,
H. I. Luther, DuBois.
CM. McNaughton, I'isher,
Clinton Miller, Ivrie,
A W. Muniford, Meadville, Slu<liiil A
J G. Nolpli, Cot)] Springs.
Taught in Michigan.
Teacher, Corsica.
Teacher.
Taught at Springboro.
Taught at Iron Mt., Mich.
Missionary.
Taught at McDonald.
Taught at Haffey.
Principal at North Warren.
Cashier at Emlenton.
Taught in Crawford Co
Taught at Homestead.
Taught at Venango.
Taught in Marienville.
Taught in Forest Co.
Student, Bordentown, N. J.
Taught at Buena Vista.
Taught in McKean Co.
Taught at Leechburg.
Taught in Crawford Co.
Taught in FUk Co.
Taught at Fimlenton.
Taught at Jeannette.
, I^ebanon, Ohio.
Taught in Crawford Co.
Taught in Venango Co.
Student at Ada, Ohio.
Teacher, Chester, N. Y.
Taught in McKean Co.
Principal of Public Schools.
Student, C. S. N. S.
Lumberman.
Minister.
riiici])al of Corsica Academy.
I'rincijml at Reynoldsville.
Principal at vSligo,
Taught at Verndale, Minn.
lU'gheny College, Mcadvillc.
State Normal School,
69
Student W. and J. College,
Physician.
Taught in Venango Co.
Taught at Pennside.
Student in Ann Arbor.
J, S. Pittenger, P'air View, W. Va.,
A. J. Simpson, Alvy, W. Va.,
Angus Reagle, F^ranklin,
Garner P. Spaulding, Pennside,
B. K. VanNaten, Cooperstown,
O. B. Washburn, Franklin's Corners.
J. H. West, Co, I, i6th Regt., Pa. Vol.,
M. T. Young, Girard,
Scientific Course.
Irvin Passmore, Student, Stanford University, Cal
Qass of J 894 — Elementary Course.
Principal at Pittsiield.
Sarah Agnew, Crothers,
Bernie Ballentine, Reidsburg,
Dolly Beatty, North Clarendon,
Virginia Beer, L/imestone,
Merle Benn, Marienville.
Jennie Best Baum, Washington, Pa,
Carrie Carrington, Franklin.
M. Ethel Crossmire, Kane,
May Darrow, Tillotson,
Clara Dewey, Wayland,
Mary Dilger, Bradford,
Anna Dunmore, Sunderlinville,
Ivulu Findley, Kittanning,
Bernice Fleek, Little Cooley,
Margaret Fleming, Reidsburg,
Cora Goble, Arthurs.
Anna Graham, Clarion,
Nettie Guthrie, Strattanville,
Alma Howard, Homestead,
Mattie Humphrey, N. Sewickley,
Alice Irvin Moore, Hazen,
Gertrude Keeler, East Smithfield,
Chloe Kimball, Sugar Grove,
Blanche Laing, Sugar Grove,
Lillie Lenkerd, DuBois,
Adda Latshaw, Clarion,
Maud McKennon Smith, East Liverpool, Ohio.
Belle Matteson Smith, Cambridgeboro,
Emma Matteson Bayle, Milesgrove.
Belle McLaughlin, Sturgeon,
Emma McKee, Beaver Falls,
Jessie Mullen Rugh, Clarion.
Clara Murdock, Cool Spring,
Taught at Crothers.
Taught at Reidsburg,
Taught in Warren Co.
Taught at Marienville.
Taught at Kane,
Taught at Alcott, Col.
Taught in Crawford Co.
Taught in Elk Co.
Taught in Tioga Co.
Taught in Armstrong Co.
Taught in Erie Co.
Taught in Forest Co.
Taught at Clarion.
Taught in Clarion Co.
Taught in Allegheny Co.
Taught in Mercer Co.
. Taught at Milan.
Taught at Harriman, Tenn.
Taught in Warren Co.
Taught in DuBois.
Taught in Parker.
Taught in Crawford Co.
Taught at Oakdale Station .
Taught at Zelienople.
Taught at Cool Spring.
70
Clarion, Pa.
Mauce Porter Horner, Salina.
Katheryn Roche, Bradford,
Emma Robinson, Warren.
Mollie Simpson, Turtle Point,
Pearl Thompson, Siverly,
Minnie Weaver, Church,
Fannie Wiant Eisenman, Strattanville,
Pearl Wilson, Clarion,
Olive Winship, Port Allegheny,
Laura Woods, Leatherwood,
i'loyd Ballentine, Clarion,
N. Frank Boyer, Nickleville.
E. D. Carothers, Emlenton,
W. J. Geary, New Derry,
(;. T. Gillette, New Castle,
•I. S. Horner, Morgantown, W. Va.,
C. I. Johnson, Nebraska,
F. A. McKelvey, Adarnsville,
\. J. Mooney,
J) W. Morrison, Westport,
L. 'V. Murphy, Bela,
J. -M. Myers, Sligo,
F. H. Pollock, Clarion,
G. H. Pool man, Knox,
G. W. Saminons, Wattsburg,
Miles Timlin, Hamilton,
A lams B. Vera, Custer City,
W. H. Winship, Port Allegheny,
/. S. Young, Rosston,
State Certificate.
Lv. B. Horton, Binghamlon, N. V.,
Class of 1895.
M.nnie Ballentine, Content,
J .(sephine Bailey Crocker, Mt. Alton.
L lyola Baumgardner Hetrick, Cirant.
JCva Bradshaw, Coal Valley.
E :ima Campbell Dickey, Baxter,
Lillie Campbell, Indian Creek,
N -Hie Carrier, Summerville.
Zepha Correl, Riceville,
Juiia Dickey, Hast Brady,
IJL-rtha Jvlias Gray, Pittsburg,
.Mice George, Bradford.
U.-ssie Gerhard, Wilkesbarre,
Taught at Pittsville.
Taught at Bradford.
Taught at Port Allegheny.
Taught at Siverly.
Taught in Clarion Co.
Taught in Clarion.
' Taught at Eldred.
Taught at New Bethlehem.
Stiident at Bucknell University.
Principal at Emlenton.
Principal at New Derry.
Stenographer.
Law Student.
Principal Public Schools.
Principal at Atlantic.
Student, Grove City College.
Principal at Westport.
Taught at St. Marks.
Student, Grove City College.
Taught at North Clarendon.
Taught in Potter Co.
Oberlin College, Student.
Principal at Horatio.
Teacher, Warren.
readier in U. S. Mission School.
Tauglit in Armstrong Co.
Principal of Hublic Schools.
Tauglit in Jefferson Co.
Taught in Jefferson Co.
Taught at Duke Centre.
Taught in Crawford (^o.
Tauglit in Wyoming.
State Normal School,
71
Kate Jack, Clarion,
Ella Johnson, Hazen,
Rena Johnson, Foxburg,
Mary Kenny, Enon,
Alma Kerr, Rimersburg,
Mary King, Kingsville,
Myrna King, Emlenton,
Kate Kirker, Middle Lancaster,
Cora Kline, Fairview,
Elvie Kyler, Kersey's,
Enna Lamb Free, Springboro,
Sadie Lamb, Eddyville,
Adessa Liscomb, Beaver Ealls,
Isabel McClurg, Oakdale,
Anna McComb, Unity Station,
Clara McFeaters, Brush Valley,
Florence McLaughlin, Pittsburg.
Irene Marshal, Barnes,
Mabel Meineka, Belfast, N. Y.,
Nellie Melvin, Clarion,
Clara Mustard, Rouseville,
Flori Pardee, Bousson,
Mina Potter, Steamburg,
Effie O. Prior, Nickleville,
Mary Rumberger, Reynoldsville,
Delia Sloan, New Castle,
Genevieve Stevenson, Smethport,
Bessy Sutch, Pittsburg,
May Troutner, Nickleville,
Florenz Weber, Plumer,
Emma Woodward Kenemuth.
F. E. Baker, Clymer, N. Y.
B. G. Boyce, Penside,
E. L. Buchanan, Titusville,
C. W. Burgwin, Turkey City,
Clarence Carrier, Summerville,
M. A. Carringer, Marienville,
B. M. Chatley, Milledgeville,
John C. Dight, Evans ' ity.
Jay Fitzgerald, Clarion,
J. L. Free,
J. N. Holder, Plum,
J. H. Love, Pittsburg,
J. H. Lawson, Dayton,
Taught in Clarion Co.
Taught in Elk Co.
Taught in Callensburg.
Taught in Lawrence Co.
Taught in Clarion Co.
Taught in Clarion Co
Taught in Kittanning,
Taught in Butler Co.
Taught at Fairview.
Taught at Dagus Mines.
Taught in Springboro.
Tanght in Armstrong.
Teacher in Public Schools.
Taught at Oakdale.
Taught in Allegheny Co.
Taught in Indiana Co.
Taught in Forest Co.
Taught at Knox.
Taught in Clarion Co.
Taught in Venango Co.
Taught at Emlenton.
Taught in Crawford Co.
Taught at Nickleville.
Taught in Westmoreland Co.
Taught in McKean Co.
Taught in Pittsburg.
Taught in Venango Co.
Taught in Venango Co.
Student Allegheny Col.
Taught in Crawford Co.
Taught in Venango Co.
Taught in Clarion Co.
Student at Bucknell Universit}-.
Taught ill Venango Co.
Taught in Butler Co.
Taught in Clarion.
Taught at Springboro.
Taught in Venango Co.
Medical College.
Law Student, Kittanning.
Clarion, Pa.
J. \V. Hunter, Westville, Teacher in Brockwayville.
W. J. McKee, 236 Washington Ave., Allegheny, Pa.
Walace Mills, Newmanville, Taught in Clarion Co.
G. B. Murdoch, 202 Oakland Ave., Greensburg. Prin. Ludwic Pub. Schools.
C. S. Pearce, Butler,
Fred L. Pinks, Clarion,
J. L. Pinks, Clarion,
Will B. Rankin, Clarion,
Loraine Shoemaker, Carlisle,
Jay F. Snyder, Cooperstown,
E. E. Stitzinger, Tionesta,
Taught in Butler.
First Lieut. Co. D. 15th Reg., Pa. Vol.
Teacher in Clarion Co.
Merchant.
Taught in Butler Co.
Taught in Venango Co.
Supt. Forest Co.
State Certificate.
Mae Barton, Troy Centre,
Class of 1896-
Georgia Banner, Clarion,
Mae Barton, Troy Centre,
Orpha Beer, Reynoldsville,
Gertrude Blake, vSheffield,
Margie Borckman, Clarion,
Ethel Bowman, Tionesta,
Georgia Burton, (deceased)
Lizzie Carrier, Brookville.
Myrtle Carrier, Summerville,
Anna Craig, Sligo,
Libbie Davis, SchafFner's Corners,
Carrie Dixon, Petrolia,
May Dunham, Sheffield,
Alma Edinger, Emlenton,
Lulu Fye, Nickleville,
Elizabeth Geary, New Derry,
Jennie Glenn, Crawford's Corners,
Hattie Gorsuch, Titusville,
Kate Guenther, Tionesta,
Delia HafTner, Smethport,
Electa Ilowe, Knox,
Julia Kirk, Reynoldsville,
Bella Loop, Eldred,
Anna Magee, Kushequa,
Hattie McAnincli, Apollo,
Daisy Mead, Sheffield,
Dora Metzgar, Marienville,
Anna Miller, North East,
Vinnie Miller, Brockwayville,
Lucy Cj'Neil, East Bradford,
Taught in Butler.
-Normal Course.
Taught in Clarion.
Taught in Butler.
Taught in Jefferson Co.
Taught at Sheffield^
Taught in Clarion.
Taught in Forest Co
Taught in Forest Co.
Taught in Clarion Co.
Taught in Jefferson Co.
Taught in Butler Co.
Taught in Warren Co.
Taught in Clarion Co.
Taught in Venango Co.
Taught in Westmoreland Co.
Taught in Venango Co.
Taught in Venango Co.
Taught atByromtown.
Taught in McKean Co.
Taught at Edenburg.
Taught at Reynoldsville.
Taught in McKean Co.
'I'auglit in McKean Co.
Taught in Brockwayville.
Taught in Warren Co.
Taught in Marienville.
Taught in P>ie Co.
Taught in Brockwayville.
Taught in McKean Co.
Clarion, Pa.
73
Blanche Pease, Tionesta,
Alice Richards, Mt. Jewett,
Ada Rifle, Norwich,
May Robinson, Clarion,
Jennie Rowe, Pittsville,
Myrtle Sage, Sistersville,
Olie Shoemaker, Rosston,
Jessie Slagle, Wonhville,
Pearl Thomas, Clarion,
Christena Wagner, Shippenville,
Grace Wellsby, Rockland,
Alice White, 9 Bishop St., Bradford,
Mary E. Wilson, Clarion,
W. G. Bauer, St Mary's,
T. A. Craig, Sligo,
Thomas Davis, Horatio,
M. C. Flegal, Lick Run Mills,
Charles Voster, Allegheny City,
W. H. Gelvin, Atlantic.
J. L. Hagar, Washington,
J. T. Hindman, Clarion,
Taylor Hutchison, Kittanning,
Harry S. Keck, Clarion,
G. M. Marshall, Custard,
C. W. Miller, West Freedom,
I. J. Noel, Cooperstown,
James PoUum, Falls Creek,
R. A. Reed, Miola,
J. H. Reuscher, (deceased)
F. M. Rumsey, Westford,
Harry E. Sayers, Limestone,
A. D. Smith, Oakland,
Clair Thompson, Irvin,
Taught at Duke Centre.
Taught in McKean Co.
Taught in McKean, Co.
Student at Wilson College.
Taught in Venango Co.
Taught in W. Va.
Taught in Armstrong Co.
Taught in Jefferson Co.
Taught in McKean Co.
Taught in Clarion Co.
Taught in Venango Co.
Taught in McKean Co.
Taught at Corsica.
Principal High School.
Taught at Marienville.
Principal West Spring Creek.
Student Dickinson College.
Taught in Allegheny Co.
Taught in Crawford Co.
Taught at Washington.
Student Clarion Normal.
Taught in Warren Co.
Taught in Clarion.
Taught in Venango Co.
Taught in Washington Co.
Principal at Cooperstown.
Principal of Public Schools.
Taught at Coal Bluff.
Taught in Clarion Co.
Business Department, Clarion Normal.
Taught in Armstrong Co.
Taught in Warren Co.
Student and Teacher, Clarion Normal.
Orvis Yingling, Clarion,
Elementary Course in Music.
Anna Pollock, Clarion.
Mable Riser, Elk City.
Qass of 1897 — Normal Course.
Clara Balentine, Brookville, Taught at Brookville.
Lizzie Beighlea, Wesley, Taught in Venango Co.
Ella E. Biggins, Eldred, Taught in McKean Co.
Sadie Campbell, Oil City, Taught in Clarion Co.
Mae C. Chappell, Duke Centre, Taught in McKean Co.
Ida Cooper, Brockwayville, Taught in Brockwayville.
Anna Davis, Reynoldsville, Taught in Forest Co.
74
State Normal School,
Maysie Dieffenbacher, Clarion,
•Katharine M. Flynn, Bradford,
Gertrude L- Fowles. Clarion,
Luna Fuller, Harnionsburg,
Allie Gardner, Riniersburg,
Rachel D. GilfiUan, (Deceased).
Minnie L. Givan, Rixford,
Lona Goodwill, Centreville,
Bertha A. Hall, Port Alleghany,
Kathryn C Hankey, Rosston,
Mae M. Himes, New Bethlehem,
Harriet Huston, Cannonsburg,
Clara Japes, Knox,
Sara Johnson, Warren,
Mildred Johnston, Gladerun,
Jennie Jones, Mt. Alton,
Emma E. Kingsley, Eflinboro,
Edna V. Kingsley, Edinboro,
Emma Klinestiver, Nebraska,
Katharine Mau<le Klinger, Turkey City,
Mary Anne Krauss, Johnsonburg,
Alice McGinnity, Randolph, N. Y.,
Ora McKee, Corsica,
Kittie Mead, Sheffield,
Helen Moorhead, Moorheadville,
Marion Nason, Fairview,
Mattie Neill, Summit City.
Cora Park, Ackleys,
Zoe Polly, Bousson,
Lucy Margaret Powell, Cochranton,
Cora Pryor, Nickleville.
Susie Runninger, I'tica,
Mary A. Scully, Clarendon.
Ivlna Shephard, Rockland,
Myrtle .Shields, Baxter,
'Mara M Taylor, Turtle Point,
Ivmnja Thompson, Nebraska,
1-illie Tonks, 1-oxburg,
Anna Toy, I'oxburg,
Anna Carolyne WcIkt, I'lumer,
Maude Wilhelm, Clarion,
Maude Young, I-'oxburg.
Dalton Blair, Townville,
J. !■*. Conrad, Rockton,
Byron I'agley, Clarion,
Student, Clarion Normal.
Taught in McKean. *
Cashier, Clarion.
Taught in Crawford Co.
Taught in I-'orest Co.
Taught in McKean Co.
Student.
Taught in Port Alleghany.
Taught in Armstrong Co.
Taught in Forest Co.
Taught in Cannonsburg.
Taught at Knox.
Principal, Richland.
Taught in Warren Co.
Taught at Mt. Alton.
Taught in Venango Co.
Taught in Venango Co.-
Taught in Forest Co.
Taught in Butler Co.
Taught in Johiisonburg.
Taught in McKean Co.
Taught in Jefferson Co.
Taught in Warren Co.
Taught in Elk Co.
Taught at I'-airview.
Taught in Forest Co.
Taught in Warren Co.
Taught in Crawford Co.
Taught in Butler Co.
Taught in Venango Co.
Taught in Venango Co.
Taught in JeiTerson Co.
Taught in McKean Co.
Taught in I'orest Co.
Taught in Clarion Co.
Taught in Clarion Co.
Taught in Venango Co.
Taught in Clarion Co.
High .School, Wayhuid.
Taught at Brook vi lie.
Taught ill Warren Co.
Clarion, Pa.
75
G. R. Findley, Custards.
J. S. Geary, New Derry,
Victor E. Johnston, Carrier,
Homer M. Knight, Lamartine,
A. W. Love, Brookville,
W. j. Marshall, Custards,
M. M. McKee, Curllsville,
Claude C. Neville, North Point,
Roy Patrick, Clarion.
C. V. Pollock, Clarion,
Carl Raver, 418 N. State St., Ann Arbor,
Luke Shumaker, Oakland,
Henry Smith, Rockton,
H. V. Snyder, Cooperstown,
T. M. Stahlman, Sigel,
J. H. Stiltz, Brush Valley,
John C. Struble, Butler, N. J.,
Howard Wilson, Grand Valley,
Elementary Course
Effie Donaldson, Wimbledon, N. D.
Giace Harley, Oil City.
Maud Miller Davis, Reynoldsville,
Taught in Westmoreland Co,
Taught in Jefferson Co.
Law Student.
Principal Hazelhurst.
Principal Sheakleyville.
Principal Curllsville.
Taught in Clearfield Co.
Clerk.
Taught in Clarion Co.
Medical Student.
Taught in Armstrong Co.
Principal Rockton.
Taught in Venango Co.
Taught in Marienville.
Taught in Indiana Co.
Taught in Venango Co.
Principal Custer City.
in Music.
Music Teacher.
GRADUATE STUDENTS.
Ladies.
Name.
Address.
Borckman, Margie A.
Clarion,
Davis, Mary E.
Clarion,
Dieflfenbacher, Maysie
Clarion,
Summerson, Elizabeth
Emlenton
Gentlemen.
Baker, L- T.
Clarion,
Blair, Dalton
Townville,
Brown, W. M.
Clarion,
Hindman, John
Clarion,
Pinks, Fred L.
Clarion,
Pinks, Leslie,
Clarion,
Strubel, J. C.
Butler,
Yingling, Orvis C.
Clarion,
St.ate.
Penna.
Penna.
Penna.
Penna.
Penna.
Penna.
Penna.
Penna.
Penna.
Penna.
N.J.
Penna.
76
State Normal Schooi,,
SENIORS, 1898.
Ladies.
Name.
Town.
County.
State
Ailing. Maude
Barries
Warren
Peuna.
Beer, May
Limestone
Clarion
Penna
Brown, Cleta
Wellsville
Allegany
N. Y
Corbett, Bessie
Corsica
Jefferson
Penna.
Cowan, Mary
Corsica
Jefferson
Penna
Cramer, Grace
Bradford
M cKean
Penna
Crawford, Grace
Trail
Butler
Penna
Curll, Margaret
Clarion
Clarion
Penna
Deitzenberg, Anna
Huefner
Clarion
Penna.
Donovan, Agnes
Kersey
Elk
Penna
Donovan, Kittie
Kersey
Elk
Penna
Dorchester, Jennie
Center Road
Crawford
Penna.
Dougher, Mary
Avoca
Luzerne
Penna.
Doverspike, Clare
Eddyville
Armstrong
Penna
Dumjolin, Elizabeth
Clermont
McKean
Penna
Duncan, Mary
McDonald
Washington
Penna
I-'ulton, Blanche
Clarion
Clarion
Penna.
Glenn, Cora
Crawford's Corners Venango
Penna.
Hamnion, Sylvia
Conoquenessing
Butler
Penna
Hazlett, Elva M.
Sligo
Clarion
Penna
Hill, Bertha
Ten Mile Bottom
Venango
Penna
Hindnian, Margaret
Clarion
Clarion
T'enna
Horner, Alice
Richardsville
Jefferson
Penna.
Hummer, Kate
Vrooman
Crawford
Penna.
Hunter. Rosa D.
Tionesta
Forest
Penna.
Jolly, Helen
Rockland
Venango
Penna.
Kearney, Bess
Brockwayville
Jefferson
Penna.
Kearney, Jennie
Lane's Mills,
Jefferson
Penna.
Krauss, Cora
Johnson burg
Elk
Penna.
Ivove, Ellen D.
Sligo
Clarion
Penna.
McConiish, Jennie
Ile.shbon
Indiajia
Penna.
Mahle, Estella
I'ryburg
Clarion
Penna.
Miller, vSara
Marienville
I'orest
Penna.
Moore, Edna
Reynoldsville
Jefferson
Penna.
Murphy, Mary
Hela
Clarion
Penna.
Myers, Ciertrudc
fHarjon
Clarion
Penna.
Porter, Mina
I'itlsville
Venango
I'c'iniii
Clarion, Pa.
77
Reyner, Sara
Leeper
Clarion
Penna.
Seller, Ida M.
Sprankle Mills
Jefferson
Penna.
Shepherd, Fanny
Edinboro
Erie
Penria.
Steele, Mary
Ingleside
Westmoreland
F'enna.
Strong, Jean
Arbel
Gentlemen.
McKean
Penna.
Name.
Town.
County.
State.
Ballentine, J. G.
Reidsburg
Clarion
Penna.
Bartsch, h. F.
Torpedo
Warren
Penna.
Boner, J. C.
Allen's Mills
Jefferson
Penna.
Brian, Chas.
Brockwayville
Jefferson
Penna.
Coon, W. W.
Lamonaville
Forest
Penna.
Fry, Benton
Ten Mile Bottom
Venango
Penna.
Grube, Jos. W.
Big Run
Jefferson
Penna.
Haughney, C. F.
Glenn,
McKean
Penna.
Kinnard, M. C.
Craley
York
Penna.
Mills, Herbert
Newman ville
Clarion
Penna.
Myers, Harry E.
Sligo
Clarion
Penna.
Rudolph, Russel
Big Run
Jefferson
Penna.
Sage, J. M.
Sistersville
W. Va.
Slicker, Floyd
New Maysville
Clarion
Penna.
Sutton, J. P.
Plumer
Venango
Penna,
Whitmer, S. M.
Lickingville
Clarion
Penna.
JUNIOR CLASS.
Allen, Frances
Allshouse, Amy
Ballentine, Mary
Beer, Effie
Bowman, Florence
Delo, Flora
Duncan, Gertrude
Finnefrock, Inez
Fitzgerald, Myrna
FitzGerald. Caroline
Askey, J. B.
Bateman, Oscar
Bedford, B. W.
Bottenhorn, B. H.
Carson, Roy
Ladies — A Division.
Gardner Edith,
Hepler, Martha
Himes, Flo
Johnson, Bessie
Jolly, Fanny
Kerr, ' >levia
Kiehl, Inez
Maloney, Nellie
McCurdy, Maude
McParland, Pearl
Gentlemen — A Division.
Fetter, H. C.
Hamilton, Aymer
Heeter, N. E.
Hilliard, J. F.
Keller, Guy
McGarrah, Sadie
McKee, Lulu
Metzgar, Frankie
Myers, Annie
Page, Mary B.
Palmer, Ella M.
Pentz, Nora
Reichart, Eva
Siggins, Nellie
Sterrett, Edith
Salyards, Chas. L.
Shaffer, Edward E.
Shaffer, C. M.
Snyder, G. W.
Syphrit, J. W.
78
State Normat, Schoot.,
Davenport, B. L.
EinhoT, Victor R
Fitzgerald, Fred
Fitzsimtnons, D. M.
Anlerson, Edith
Baldwin, Laura
Bray, Bessie
Brown, Edna
Buc iley, Mary
Chad:nan, Grace
Christy, Minnie
Coon, Anna
Coulter, Ma'garet
Craig, Grace
Beal, G E.
Criss-nan, C. 'i.
Cubbon, A. D.
Rdinger, F. L.
Ferm^n, John W.
Kline, L. C.
McComb, John
Robertson, Alex.
Rote, G. C.
Ladies — B D'.v'sion.
Di 'ney, Minnie
Elliott, Elizabeth
Foster, Daisy
GilfiUan, Harriet
Griffin, Kathryn
Hinsdale, Minnie
Johnston, Marsfaret
Johnson, Anna
McClellan, Earla
O'Keef, Rosa
Gentlemen — B Division.
Gleason, James
Hindman, F. T.
Kr.antz, Karl A.
Lillibridge, Chas. W.
McDowell, I. B.
Snyder, Harrj'
Williams. B. M.
Williams, Dana
Porter, Mildred
Khodabarger, Flora
Rosa, Ethelyn
Rnssel, Grace
Shultz, Magg-ie
Smith, Blanch
Stevens, Florence
Thornton, Blanche
Truby, Jessie G.
Miller, Parsons
Slagle, A. D.
S mat hers, P. C.
Smith, C. C.
STUDENTS IN BUSINESS DEPARTMENT.
Marafe Fisher
Reynolds Wi'son
Rav Hind nan
Winifred Fowled
Millie Vi's >n
Cora Davis
May Grip*-
Marvin Mays
Zella Fowles
Lulu Agnew
Dahlia Berger
Lizzie Hilliard
Geo. Miltenberger
L. W. Murphy
Harlo.v Mead
A F. Sinclair
J. *'. Myers
Mame Myer.s
Frances Fisher
Jno. Moberg
Joe Smullin
Harry K. Pifer
VerdaKahle
Katherina P.ak t
Tom McMahon
Theo. Wilson
Fred Pinks
Nellie M Wetter
C. r. Groll
L W Dinsmore
Harriet Kiehl
Hnice Yeaney
Orvis Yingling
3. F Tavlor
^^m-
Clarion, Pa.
79
STUDENTS' NAMES.
Ladies.
Name.
Aaron, Flora
Agnew, Lulu
Albright, Sar-i L
AUeman, Mary-
Allen Frances
Ailing Ma ide
Allshouse, Amy
Alt, Ellen
Anderson, Edith
Baker, Kathrina J
Baldwin Laura
Ballentine, Mary
Balsinger, Nora
Barger, Cora M
Barr, Gertrude
Bates, Lena
Baughman, Mabel
Baughman, Twilla
Baughman, Elizabeth
Beer, May
Beer, Effie
Beer, Myrtle
Bell, Hertha
Berger, Myrtle
Best, Hertha
Biggins, Bessie
Black, Lulu K.
Bowman, Florence
Bray, Elizabeth
Brinkley, Eva
Brinkley, Flora
Brisbin, Lillian
Borckman, Margaret
Brown, Mary Edna
Brown, Cleta
Brown, Katharine
Brown, Alice
Burkett, Ida
Burns, Belle
I'ampbell, Anna
Campbell, Mary
Chadman, Grace E,
Chadman, Mertie
Christy, Minnie
Clark, Nellie
Claypoole, Grace
Claypoole, Myrtle
Connor, Agnes
Coon, Anna
County.
Clarion
Venango
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Warren
Jefferson
Forest
Warren
Clarion
Jefferson
Clarion
Armstrong
Clarion
Clarion
Crawford
Clarion
Clarion
Clai ion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Venango
Clarion
Venango
McKean
Jefftrson
Forest
McKean
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Cl.irion
Westmoreland
Allegheny
Clarion
Clarion
Jefferson
Clarion
Jefferson
Clarion
McKean
McKean
Crawford
Clarion
Armstrong
Armstrong
Clarion
Forest
Name.
Cook, Susan E.
Cooper. • annie
Corbett, Bessie H.
Coulter, Margaret
Cowan, Mary I.
Craig, Grace
Crawford, Adah
Crawford Grace
Cramer, Grace
Crooks, Ethel
Cubbon, Myrtle
Curil, Margaret
Dale, Nora
Dailey, Jennie M.
Davis, Mary
Davis, Veda
Davis, Agnes
Deitzenberg, Anna
Delo, Flora W.
De Vallance, Carrie
i 'ieffenbacher, Mazie
Diehl, Minnie B.
Diltz, Minnie
Donovan, Agnes
Donovan, Kittle
Dorchester, Jennie
Dougher, Maiy
Doverspike, Clare
Downes, Margaret
Downes, Agnes
DuMont, Mary
Dumjohn, Elizab;th
Duncan Marie
Duncan, Gertrude
Ell ott, Elizabeth
Evarage, Bertie
Fackender, Margaret
Faloon, Lillian
Fagley, Edna
Fay, Clare
Finnefrock, Inez
Fisher, Margie
Fisher, Frances
Fitzgerald, Myrna
Fitzgerald, Sadie
Fitzgerald, Caroline
Forkum, Alice
Foster, Mrs. Ellen
Foster, Daisy
County.
Clarion
Jefferson
Jefferson
Clarion
Jefferson
Clarion
Clarion
Butler
McKean
Clarion
Venango
Clarion
Clarion
Clearfield
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Jefferson
Clarion
Warren
Jefferson
Elk
Elk
Crawford
Luzerne
Armstrong
Warren
Warren
Armstrong
McKean
Washington
Butler
Washington
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Warren
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Forest
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
8o
State Normal School,
Name.
Fowles, Zella
Fowles, Winifred
Frost, Dora M.
Fulton, Blanche
Fulton, Mabel H
Furman, Elizabeth
Gallup, Eva
Gardner, Edith
GillfiUan, Hattie
Gilger, Geneva
Givan, Lorena
Glenn, Cora Hayes
Gordon, May
Gorman, Clara A.
Gourley, Laura
Grant, Nellie
Graham, Anna
Grier, Ruth
Griffin, Katharyn
Griffin, Bessie
Grove, Maude
Hafner, E. Verna
Hamilton, Margaret
Hammon, Silvia
Harrii^er, Josephine
Hartnett, Mae
Hazlett, Elva
Henderson, Isabella
Henrietta, .Sadie
Hepler, Martiia
Hill, Bertha
Hilbert, Edith
Hilliard, Lizzie
Hilliard, Maggie
Hindman, Margaret
Hiraes. Flo
Himes, Daisy F.
Hinsdale, Minnie
Horner, Alice
Howe, Margaret
Hummer, Kate
Hunter, Kosa
Hunter, Ada
ImhofT, Dora
Iscman, Jennie
Jackson, Dorothy
Johnston, Stella F^ell
Johnston, Lela May
Johnston, Anna
Johnson, Bessie
Johnson, Margaret
Jolly, Helen
Jolly, Fanny
Kahle, Verda
Katy, Bva
COUNTY.
Wood Co., Ohio
Clarion
Elk
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
McKean
Warren
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Venango
Beaver
Forest
Clarion
Venango
Clarion
Clarion
McKean
McKean
Jefferson
McKean
Clearfield
Butler
Jefferson
McKean
Clarion
Beaver
Crawford
Clarion
Venango
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Warren
Jefferson
Clarion
C'rawford
Forest
Jefferson
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Elk
Warren
Warren
Venango
Venango
Clarion
Clarion
X.\MK.
Kearney, Bess
Kearney, Jennie
Kelleher, Bridget Agnes
Kennedy, Martha J.
Kerr, Augusta
Kerr, Olevia
Kerr, Annie
Kiddie, Elizabeth
Kiehl, Harriett
Kiehl, Bertha
Kiehl, Inez
Kifer, Minnie
King, Zina
Kirk, Elizabeth
Klahr, Mary
Krauss, Cora
Kuntz, Edith
Lamb, Bessie
Latchaw, Lona
Lewis, Mary K.
Libby, Mae
London, Fannie
Long, Effiie
Love, Ellen D
Maffett, Anna
MafTett, Jennie
Maloney, Nellie
McComish, Jennie
McCur^ly, Maude
McClintock, Gerda
McDonald, Reba E.
McFarland, M. Pearl
McGarrah, Sadie
Mcllhatten, Rhetta
McGiffin, Maggie
McLaughlin, Myrtle
McLaughlin, Alice
McLaughlin, Mary
McLellan, Erla
McKee, Lulu
M.;Le!lan, Mary
McKinncy, Lottie
McMahon Patricia
McMichael, Minta
Metzgar, Frankie
Miller, Mollie
Miller, .Sara
Mills, Sarah B.
Milliron, Nellie
Miltenberger, Mary
Mohney, Minnie
Mohney, Grace
Moore, Edna
Morrow, Cornelia E.
MorriM, Grace A,
County.
Jefferson
Jefferson
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Crawford
Clarion
Westmoreland
aiion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clearfield
Clarion
Elk
Jefferson
Venango
Venango
Jefferson
McKean
Jefferson
Armstrong
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
McKean
Indiana
Clarion
Warren
York
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Jefferson
Clarion
Clarion
Allegheny
Forest
Clarion
Jefferson
Venango
McKean
Clarion
Forest
Venango
Forest
Clarion
Armstrong
Clarion
Clarion
Armstrong
Clarion
Venango
Vi.'nungo
Clarton, Pa.
Name.
Moser, Mary E.
!Myers, Mame
Myers, Gertrude
Myers, Anna
Muir, Mary E.
Musser, Myrtle
Neilly, Mae E.
■Nelson, Selma C.
Nixon, Nellie
Norlin, Aug'usta
•O'Keefe, Rosa
O'Neill, Margaret.
Page, Rtiby
Page, Mary
Palmer, SUa M.
Patterson, Margaret N,
Pentz, Nora
Phillips, Kate
Pierce, Prances
Pierce, Maude
Pollock, Anna
Porter, Mildred
Porter, Marjorie
Porter, Mina
Potter, Anna
Raybuck, Dora
Rea, Mary
Reichart, Eva
Reyner, Sarah F.
Reyner, Hattie
Reyner, Mabel F.
Rhea, Blanche
Rifenberrick, Jennie
Rock, Bertha
Rosa, Ethelyn
Russell, Grace
Schierberl, Josephine
Schrecengost, Verna
Seiler Ida
Shaner, Jessie
Shepherd, Fannie
Shoemaker, Kmma
County.
Jefferson
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Jefferson
Clarion
McKean
Warren
Butler
McKean
Crawford
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
McKean
McKean
Clearfield
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
McKean
McKean
Venango
Clarion
CUri^Q
Forest
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Forest
Elk
Forest
Clarion
Forest
Jefferson
Clarion
Erie
Armstrong
Name.
Shoffstall, Eaitli
Shultz, Maggie
Siggins, Nellie
Silvis, Anna M
Simpsoru, Elva E
Sirdevan, Margaret
Sloan, Jeanne
Smathers, Julia
Sniathers, Blanche
Smith, Caroline
Stahlman, Nora
Stahlman, Emma
Steele, Marie
Sterrett, Edith E,
Stevens, Florence
Stiltz, Nettie E.
Stiles, Miley
Stover, Mary
Stovtrr Maude
Strong, Jean
Strickland, Editli
Summerson, Elizabeth
Sykes, Etta
Tarr, Bessie
Taylor, Gussie
Thompson, Alice
Thomas, Mary
Thomas, Lulu
Tompkins. Maiie
Tuttle, Nora
Wasson, Grace E.
Whitehill, Lillian
Whitmore, Minnie B.
Wilhelm, Jennie
Williams, Mary
Williams, Blanche
Wilson, Alice
Wilson, Myrta
Winship, Mae
Wood, Kate
Wood, Mary
County.
Forest
Warren
McKean
Clarion
Clarion
<Jrawfora
Clarion
JeffersoH
Jefferson
Clarion
Jefferson
Jefferson
Westmoreland
Jefferson
Venango
Indiana
Jefferson
Clarion
Clarion
McKean
McKean
Venango
Jefferson
Crawford
Clarion
Jefferson
Clarion
Clarion
Greene
Venango
McKean
Clarion
Jefferson
Clarion
Armstrong
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
McKean
McKean
SJcKean
Gentlemen.
Name.
Adams, Arthur
Allamen, Ed. S-
AUison, Walter J.
Askey, J. B.
Baker, L. T.
Ballentine, J. G.
Balsinger, WjE.
Banner, Ed
County,
Clarion
Clarion
Warren
Venango
Clarion
Clarion
Armstrong
CJarion
Name.
Bartle}^ Harry O-
Bartsch, L F.
Bashline, Orin O-
Hateman, Oscar
Beale, G. E.
Beck, D. S.
Bedford, B. W.
Bittenbender, H. H.
County.
Clarion
Warren
t larion
Allegheny
Ctiyahoga, Ohio
Venango
Warren
Clarion
State Normal School,
Xamk
Blair, Ualton
Boner, ]. C.
Bostaph. D. A-
Bottenhorn, B. H.
BoMenhorn, J. P.
Brian, Charles
Brockbank, Christ
Brown, C. W.
Hrown. D. M.
Bi-own, Harry A.
Brown, James
Brown, W.M.
Brown, William
Campbell, E. W.
Carson, Hai ry
Carson, J. H.
Carson, L. F-
Carrier, A, G
Chamberlin, T. J.
Churchill, Don C.
Clarke, C. B.
Claypool, Burleigh
Coon, W. W.
Corhett, Merrill
Coulter, C. C.
Craig, F. M.
Crissman, C. R.
Cubbon, A. D.
Cumming-s, Thomas
Davenp )rt, B. L
OeVilder, L. J
Dinger, I. A.
Dinsmoor, L E.
Doverspike, C D.
Bdinger, F. L,
Ehrhart, C. S.
Eisenman. H, S,
E nhofF, Victor K
Falk F. I.
F'^ertig, Isaac
Ketter. H. C
Finnefrock, A. H.
Ferman, Jno. W.
Fitzgerald, Fred
Fit2»imnions, D. M.
Fleming, A. C.
l'"leming, H. I*'.
I-'oster, Roy
Foltz, H. M.
Kreck, (jilbert
I'reye muth, IC. L
F'-y, Benton
OleaHon, James
Gourley, G. F .
COUNTY
Crawford
Jefferson
Clarion
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Clearfield
Warren
Jefferson
W.irren
Jefferson
Jefferson
Warren
Armstrong
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Jeff'Tson
Warren
Clarion
Armstrong
Forest
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Jefferson
Venango
Jefferson
Clarion
Clarion
Jefferson
Venango
Armstrong
Clearfield
Venango
Elk
Jefferson
Jefferson
Venango
Armstrong
Clarion
Jefferson
Clarion
Jefferson
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Jefferson
Jefferson
Crawford
Venango
Clarion
Jefferson
Name.
Gotham, P. P.
Greene, Fred C,
Grove, Harry
Grube, Jos. W.
Grnnder, Harry
H.iag, L. M.
Hall, H. S.
Hamilton, Aymer
Hartnett, James
Haughney, C, F.
Hays, Collon M.
Heeter, W. E.
Henderson, Clyde E.
Henry, F. A.
Hepler, C. V.
Hepler, P. A.
Hilliard, J.F.
Himes, C. B.
Hindman, Frank T.
Hiudman, Jno. T.
Hooks, F. L.
Hummer, Andrew
Hunter, R. L.
Hun'er, S M.
Jones, Claude R.
Jones, Mayne
Kaness, E. C
Kaucher, C. L.
Kaufman, Louis
Keller, Guy
Kenny, William
Kiehl, i'ert
Kifer E. H.
Kinard, M. C.
Kline, L. C.
Knight, Louis
Kohler, Fred A.
Krantz, Karl A.
Lee, Frank
Leech, W C.
Lewis, Earl
Lillibridge, Chas. W.
Logan, J. G.
London, (j. M.
McComb, J. T.
McDowell. L H.
McMahan, Thos. B.
Masters, IL W.
Mayes, M G.
Mead, Harlow
Meeder, Chas. i'".
Michael, Jos. F.
Miller, Parsons
Miller, W. P.
Mills, Herbert
County.
Venango
Venango
Jefferson
Jefferson
Warren
Jefferson
Jefferson
Clearfield
McKean
McKean
Clarion
Clarion
Venango
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
McKean
Jefferson
Clarion
Clarion
Armstrong;
Crawford
Jefferson
Jefferson
Elk
Jefferson
Clarion
Jefferson
Clarion
Armstrong
Warren
Clarion
Jefferson
York
Clarion
Clarion
Clearfield
Warren
Clarion
Jefferson
Clarion
McKean
Lackawanna
Jefferson
Allegheny
Crawford
Clarion
Venango
Jefferson
Warren
Butler
Butler
Clarion
Clearfield
Clarion
Clarion, Pa.
^3
Name.
Miltenberger, Geo.
Moberg, John
Mohney, Fairy
Montgomery, Bert
Moore, E. L.
Moore, Everett
Moore, Fred A.
Moore, H. W.
Morrow, Chas. W.
Moser, J.S.
Myers, Harry E.
Myers, J. W.
Neil, H, S.
Neorr, H. M.
Pifer, Chas. W.
Pifer, H. K
Pifer, Walter K.
Pinks, F. L.
Pinks, J. L.
Porterfield, C. H.
Raver, D J.
Raybuck, Claude
Reese, Frank
Reese, Will W.
Reinsel, James E.
Ric.cenbrode, J. N.
Rifenberrick, J. L.
Robertson, Alex
Rockey, Waverly
Rote, G. C.
Rudolph, Ru-isell
Sage, J. M.
Salyards, Chas. L.
Salyards, D. F.
Sandrock, Chas.
Sandrock, W H.
Sayers, C. M.
Schoffner, B. W.
Seller, Carl
Seller, Dwight
Seller, J. H.
Shaffer, C. M.
Shaffer, D. M.
Shaffer, Edward E.
Shaffer, Frank
Shaffer, Glenn
Shoup, A. G.
Shumaker, P. P.
Sinclair, Albert
Slagle, A. D.
Slicker, Floyd E.
Cou.vxy
Clarion
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Venango
Jefferson
Clarion
Jefferson
Clarion
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Clarion
Clarion
Venango
McKean
Clarion
Crawford
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Jefferson
Warren
Venango
Jefferson
Tyler, W. Va
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Venango
Clarion
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Clearfield
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Clarion
Jefferson
Armstrong
Clarion
Greene
Jefferson
Clarion
Namk.
Smathtrs, F. C.
Smith, C. C.
Smith, George J,
Smuliin, H. D.
Smullin, J. D.
Snyder, Elmer C,
Snyder, G. W. E.
Snyder, Harry
Sowers, Leslie
Sproull, T. R.
Stahlman, C. A.
Stalman, C. R.
Stairtift", Charles
Startzell, H. H.
Steiner, John M.
Stewart, Harry F.
Stitzinger, A. E.
Strawcutter, Harry M.
Struble, John C.
Stumpner, H. \[.
Sutch, H. A.
Sutton, J. P.
Swanson, Frederick G.
Switzer, Marion E.
Syphrit, J. VV.
Taylor, S. M.
Texter, Jno. G, ,
Timlin, Irvin
Thompson, J. A.
Torry, Peter
Watson, M. K.
Weaver, Guy E.
White, James
Whitmer, S. M.
Williams, Dana C.
Williams, E. M.
Williams, Neal
Wilson, John K.
Wilson J. R.
Wilson, Jos. R
Wilson, J. W
Wise, C L.
Wolf, Chas.
Wyant, C. C.
Wynn, David,
Yeaney, Blaine
Yingling, O. C.
Yount, M. N.
Zeigler, Taylor
Zufall, J. T.
COUNTV
Clearfield
Clarion
Allegheny
Armstrong
Clarion
Jefferson
Jefferson
Armstrong
Jefferson
Westmoreland
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jeffei'son
Jefferson
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Jefferson
Morris, N. J.
Clarion
Allegheny
Venango
V\'^arren
Clarion
J'-'fferson
Butler
Clarion
Clarion
Warren
Clarion
Venango
Clarion
Clarion
Forest
Venango
Venango
Jefferson
Clarion
Clarion
Clarion
Jefferson
Jefferson
Clarion
Jefferson
Allegheny
Clarion
Clarion
Elk
Venango
Jefferson
§4
Sr.ATE Normal ScHoon,
SUMMARY.
Graduates in Scientific Course,
Graduates in Normal Course, - - -
Gmduates in Music, - . . -
State Certificates Granted, _ - -
Prepared for College, - - -
Graduates in Business College,
Present Senior Clas«, _ . .
Students in attendance, Fall Term, 1897,
Students in attendance, Winter Term, 1898,
Students in attendance, Spring Term, 1898,
Students registered during year.
Students in Model School,
LADIES.
GENTLKMEN.
TOTAI
0
I
I
316
173
489
- 5
0
5
I
3
4
I
II
12
I
0
I
42
16
58;
113
83
196-
119
96
215
2 28
196
464
297
225
522!
65
47
112:
Total Enrollment,
362
272
634
^,>A
v<
-^
INDEX.
Calendar . z
Faculty 3
Board of Trustees 5
Standing Committees 6
State Board 6
Historical Summary 7
Purpose of Normal School 8
Relation of Normal Schools and Public
Schools 8
Special Provisions for Graduates of
Hijih Schools 9
Relations to Other Institutions - 10
Course of .Study — 11
Eilementary Normal Course 12
Regular Normal Course 13
Scientific Normal Course 14
Advanced Normal Course 14
Examinations --- 15
StudySchedules-- 17
Special Keatures of the Institution 21
Natural Science 21
Mathematics 25
Language and Literature 28
Pedagogy 31
Departments 36
Teachers' Department 37
Model School Department - 38
Normal High School Department 39
Preparatory Department 40
Business Department 40
Music Department 49
Elocution Department 44
Literary Societies 45
Libraries 46
BuildinKsand Grounds 50
Expenses 52
Free Text Books - 53
Directions 56
Conditions of Admission 58
Moral and Religious Influences 59
Discipline -- — 60
Alumni 62
(Iraduate Students 7s
Seniors 1898 76
Students in Business Deparment - . . 78
Students' Names 79
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